第二章 场景模式

1. 设计原型 - a Duck

说明：

1. 我们假设所有的Duck叫声都一样，quack~~，游泳的姿态也相同~~

2. 每种Duck的外型特征彼此不同 ~~

3. 图示中斜体文字表示， 函数被virtual xxx = 0 关键字所声明,为抽象接口。对应的代码如下，以后不再追加代码。

   #include <iostream>
   
   using namespace std;
   
   class Duck
   {
       public:
       
   	virtual void quack(void)
   	{
   		cout << "all Ducks quack" << endl;
   	}
   	virtual void swim(void)
   	{
   		cout << "all Ducks swim" << endl;
   	}
   	virtual void display(void) = 0;
   };
   
   class MallardDuck : public Duck
   {
       public:
       
       void display (void)
       {
           cout << "A MallardDuck display" << endl;
       }
   };
   
   class RedheadDuck  : public Duck
   {
       public:
       void display (void)
       {
           cout << "A RedheadDuck display" << endl;
       }
   };
   
   int main()
   {
       MallardDuck  aMallardDuck;
       RedheadDuck  aRedheadDuck;
       
       aRedheadDuck.quack();
       aMallardDuck.quack();
       
       aRedheadDuck.display();
       aMallardDuck.display();
       return 0;
   }
   
   ————————————————————————打印输出———————————————
   all Ducks quack
   all Ducks quack
   A RedheadDuck display
   A MallardDuck display
   

2. 设计原型的改进-飞行能力

**需求：**我们需要为Duck 添加飞行功能的支持

方案： 基类Duck中添加fly接口，这样所有子类都具备了fly的能力

virtual void Ducks::fly(void)
{
	cout << "all Ducks fly" << endl;
}

**问题：**考虑橡胶制成的小鸭子，它应该具有飞行能力吗？
橡胶Duck不具备飞行能力，所以这个设计有问题

3. 小节2 提出的问题的修改提案

方案1：
virtual void Ducks::fly(void); 可以在RubberDuck中override 此函数，什么也不做即可

问题：
与方案1类似，RedheadDuck，MallardDuck 叫声和游泳姿态各不相同，因此有必要overrid Duck中的quack 和 swim函数

方案1的改进方案2

void RubberDuck::fly()
{
	cout << "RubberDuck does not fly" << endl;
}
...
void RedhatDuck::swim()
{
	cout << "swim like a RedhatDuck" << endl;
}
void RedhatDuck::quack()
{
	cout << "quack like a RedhatDuck" << endl;
}
...
void MallardDuck::swim()
{
	cout << "swim like a MallardDuck" << endl;
}
void MallardDuck::swim()
{
	cout << "quack like a MallardDuck" << endl;
}

改进方案2的问题

如果我们有100种Duck呢？ 如果以后需要添加类似likefly的功能函数，，但为了避免bug， 在子类中需要重写100次如下的函数。
尽管likefly函数毫无用处。

void RubberDuck::likefly()
{
	cout << "RubberDuck does not fly" << endl;
}

不如，考虑重构？

4. 设计原型的重构

说明：

• Duck 是一个抽象概念，具有飞行行为，游泳行为，叫声行为。 对于Duck来说，行为不再表现为函数，而是对象 FlyBehavior …
  优点：

• 代码复用性强。RedHeadDuck 和 MallardDuck 可以复用一个FlywithWings 类

  代码：

  /******************************************************************************
  
                                Online C++ Compiler.
                 Code, Compile, Run and Debug C++ program online.
  Write your code in this editor and press "Run" button to compile and execute it.
  
  *******************************************************************************/
  #include <iostream>
  
  using namespace std;
  
  class SwimBehavior
  {
      public:
      virtual void swim(void) = 0;
  };
  
  class QuackBehavior
  {
      public:
     virtual void quack(void) = 0;
  };
  
  class FlyBehavior
  {
    public:
    virtual void fly(void) = 0;  
  };
  
  class SwimCircle : public SwimBehavior
  {
      public:
      void swim (void)
      {
          cout << "swim in a circle" << endl;
      }
  };
  
  class SwimLine : public SwimBehavior
  {
      public:
      void swim(void)
      {
          cout << "swim in a line" << endl;
      }
  };
  
  class MuteQuack: public QuackBehavior
  {
      public:
      void quack(void)
      {
          cout << "quack in mute way" << endl; 
      }
  };
  
  class Squeak: public QuackBehavior
  {
      public:
      void quack(void)
      {
          cout << "quack in Squeak way" << endl; 
      }
  };
  
  class FlyNoWay : public FlyBehavior
  {
      public:
      void fly(void)
      {
          cout << "fly do nothing" << endl;
      }
  };
  
  class FlywithWings : public FlyBehavior
  {
      public:
      void fly(void)
      {
          cout << "fly with wings" << endl;
      }
  };
  
  
  class Duck
  {
    public:
    void performFly()
    {
        m_flaybehavior->fly();
    }
    
    void performSwim()
    {
        m_quackbehavior->quack();
    }
    
    void performQuack()
    {
        m_swimbehavior->swim();
    }
    
    protected:
    FlyBehavior *m_flaybehavior;
    QuackBehavior *m_quackbehavior;
    SwimBehavior *m_swimbehavior;
  };
  
  class RedHeadDuck: public Duck
  {
      public:
      RedHeadDuck (void)
      {
          m_flaybehavior = new FlywithWings();
          m_swimbehavior = new SwimCircle();
          m_quackbehavior = new Squeak();
      }
  };
  
  class MallardDuck: public Duck
  {
      public:
      MallardDuck (void)
      {
          m_flaybehavior = new FlywithWings();
          m_swimbehavior = new SwimCircle();
          m_quackbehavior = new MuteQuack(); 
      }
  };
  
  int main()
  {
  
      MallardDuck mallarDuck;
      RedHeadDuck redHeadDuck;
      
      mallarDuck.performQuack();
      mallarDuck.performSwim();
      mallarDuck.performFly();
      cout << "--------cut line-------" << endl;
  
      redHeadDuck.performQuack();
      redHeadDuck.performSwim();
      redHeadDuck.performFly();
      
      return 0;
  }
  
  

5. 小节4重构的一个应用

需求： 乘火箭而飞的鸭子

设计：

代码：

class FlyOnRocket: public FlyBehavior
{
    public:
    void fly()
    {
        cout << "I am flying on Rockets" << endl;
    }
};

class SuperDuck: public Duck
{
  public:
    SuperDuck (void)
    {
        m_flaybehavior = new FlyOnRocket();
        m_swimbehavior = new SwimCircle();
        m_quackbehavior = new MuteQuack(); 
    }
};

int main()
{

    SuperDuck superduck;
    superduck.performFly();
    return 0;
}

6. 小节4的设计思路为场景模式