单例模式几种写法
懒汉式写法
public class LazySingleton {//懒汉式的单例
//保证 lazySingleton 在所有线程中同步
private static volatile LazySingleton lazySingleton = null;
//private避免类在外部被实例化
private LazySingleton() {
if (lazySingleton!=null){
throw new RuntimeException("防止反射破解");
}
}
public static synchronized LazySingleton getInstance(){
//getInstance 方法前加同步
if (lazySingleton==null){
lazySingleton = new LazySingleton();
}
return lazySingleton;
}
}
双重检查
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton singleton;
private Singleton() {}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (singleton == null) {
synchronized (Singleton.class) {
if (singleton == null) {
singleton = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return singleton;
}
}
饿汉式(静态常量)
public class HungrySingleton { //饿汉式单例
private static HungrySingleton hungrySingleton = new HungrySingleton();
//private避免类在外部被实例化
private HungrySingleton(){
if (hungrySingleton!=null){
throw new RuntimeException("防止反射破解");
}
}
public static HungrySingleton getInstance()
{
return hungrySingleton;
}
}
饿汉式(静态代码块)
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance;
static {
instance = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton(){
}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return instance;
}
}
静态内部类(推荐用)
public class Singleton {
private Singleton() {}
private static class SingletonInstance {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
}
}
枚举(最好的方式)
Java规范字规定,每个枚举类型及其定义的枚举变量在jvm中都是唯一的,因此在枚举类型的序列化和反序列化上,Java做了特殊的规定。在序列化的时候Java仅仅是将枚举对象的name属性输到结果中,反序列化的时候则是通过java.lang.Enum的valueOf()方法来根据名字查找枚举对象。也就是说,序列化的时候只将SINGLETON 这个名称输出,反序列化的时候再通过这个名称,查找对应的枚举类型,因此反序列化后的实例也会和之前被序列化的对象实例相同。
public class EnumSingleton {
//需要实现单例的类
}
//枚举实现
public enum Singleton {
SINGLETON;
private EnumSingleton enumSingleton = null;
private Singleton(){
enumSingleton = new EnumSingleton();
}
public EnumSingleton getEnumSingleton(){
return enumSingleton;
}
}
//测试
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EnumSingleton enumSingleton1 = Singleton.SINGLETON.getEnumSingleton();
EnumSingleton enumSingleton2 = Singleton.SINGLETON.getEnumSingleton();
System.out.println(enumSingleton1 == enumSingleton2);//打印结果 true
}
}