从Nginx绑定80端口学套接字编程

《UNIX网络编程(卷1)：套接字联网API(第3版)》

ngx_connection.c

ngx_int_t
ngx_open_listening_sockets(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    int               reuseaddr;
    ngx_uint_t        i, tries, failed;
    ngx_err_t         err;
    ngx_log_t        *log;
    ngx_socket_t      s;
    ngx_listening_t  *ls;

    reuseaddr = 1;
#if (NGX_SUPPRESS_WARN)
    failed = 0;
#endif

    log = cycle->log;

    /* TODO: configurable try number */

    for (tries = 5; tries; tries--) {
        failed = 0;

        /* for each listening socket */

        ls = cycle->listening.elts;
        for (i = 0; i < cycle->listening.nelts; i++) {

            if (ls[i].ignore) {
                continue;
            }

            if (ls[i].fd != -1) {
                continue;
            }

            if (ls[i].inherited) {

                /* TODO: close on exit */
                /* TODO: nonblocking */
                /* TODO: deferred accept */

                continue;
            }

            s = ngx_socket(ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family, ls[i].type, 0);

            if (s == -1) {
                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                              ngx_socket_n " %V failed", &ls[i].addr_text);
                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

            if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
                           (const void *) &reuseaddr, sizeof(int))
                == -1)
            {
                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                              "setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) %V failed",
                              &ls[i].addr_text);

                if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
                                  &ls[i].addr_text);
                }

                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

#if (NGX_HAVE_INET6 && defined IPV6_V6ONLY)

            if (ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
                int  ipv6only;

                ipv6only = ls[i].ipv6only;

                if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
                               (const void *) &ipv6only, sizeof(int))
                    == -1)
                {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  "setsockopt(IPV6_V6ONLY) %V failed, ignored",
                                  &ls[i].addr_text);
                }
            }
#endif
            /* TODO: close on exit */

            if (!(ngx_event_flags & NGX_USE_AIO_EVENT)) {
                if (ngx_nonblocking(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_nonblocking_n " %V failed",
                                  &ls[i].addr_text);

                    if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
                        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                      ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
                                      &ls[i].addr_text);
                    }

                    return NGX_ERROR;
                }
            }

            ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, log, 0,
                           "bind() %V #%d ", &ls[i].addr_text, s);

            if (bind(s, ls[i].sockaddr, ls[i].socklen) == -1) {
                err = ngx_socket_errno;

                if (err == NGX_EADDRINUSE && ngx_test_config) {
                    continue;
                }

                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, err,
                              "bind() to %V failed", &ls[i].addr_text);

                if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
                                  &ls[i].addr_text);
                }

                if (err != NGX_EADDRINUSE) {
                    return NGX_ERROR;
                }

                failed = 1;

                continue;
            }

#if (NGX_HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN)

            if (ls[i].sockaddr->sa_family == AF_UNIX) {
                mode_t   mode;
                u_char  *name;

                name = ls[i].addr_text.data + sizeof("unix:") - 1;
                mode = (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH);

                if (chmod((char *) name, mode) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                                  "chmod() \"%s\" failed", name);
                }

                if (ngx_test_config) {
                    if (ngx_delete_file(name) == NGX_FILE_ERROR) {
                        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                                      ngx_delete_file_n " %s failed", name);
                    }
                }
            }
#endif

            if (listen(s, ls[i].backlog) == -1) {
                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                              "listen() to %V, backlog %d failed",
                              &ls[i].addr_text, ls[i].backlog);

                if (ngx_close_socket(s) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
                                  &ls[i].addr_text);
                }

                return NGX_ERROR;
            }

            ls[i].listen = 1;

            ls[i].fd = s;
        }

        if (!failed) {
            break;
        }

        /* TODO: delay configurable */

        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, log, 0,
                      "try again to bind() after 500ms");

        ngx_msleep(500);
    }

    if (failed) {
        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, log, 0, "still could not bind()");
        return NGX_ERROR;
    }

    return NGX_OK;
}

调试结果：

注意：查看是bind的第二个参数指向特定协议的地址结构的指针是p  *(struct sockaddr_in *)(ls[0].sockaddr)   而不是p  *(struct sockaddr *)(ls[0].sockaddr)

故意将默认端口改为801看看：

(gdb) p *(struct sockaddr_in *)(ls[i].sockaddr)
$3 = {sin_family = 2, sin_port = 8451, sin_addr = {s_addr = 0}, sin_zero = "\000\000\000\000\000\000\000"}
(gdb) p    htons(80)
$4 = 20480
(gdb) p htons(801)
$5 = 8451