linux基础命令
1.ls 的使用
ls–>查看当前目录下的所有内容
ls常见参数:
-a 查看目录下的所有文件,包括隐藏文件
-l 长列表显示
-h human 以人性化的方式显示出来
-t 按修改时间进行排序
-S 按文件的Size排序
以root文件夹为例:
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls /root
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents Downloads initial-setup-ks.cfg Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls -a /root/
. .bash_history .bashrc .cshrc Documents .ICEauthority Music .tcshrc .viminfo
.. .bash_logout .cache .dbus Downloads initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Templates .Xauthority
anaconda-ks.cfg .bash_profile .config Desktop .esd_auth .local Public Videos
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls -l
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 2012 Dec 24 18:56 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 16 Dec 24 20:58 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2046 Dec 24 18:58 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Videos
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ll -h //以人性化的方式 将2012简化为2.0K 更方便观看
total 8.0K
-rw-------. 1 root root 2.0K Dec 24 18:56 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 16 Dec 24 20:58 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.0K Dec 24 18:58 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 24 18:59 Videos
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls -t //按照修改的时间进行排序
Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos initial-setup-ks.cfg anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls -S //按照文件的大小进行排序
initial-setup-ks.cfg anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos
2.cd 的使用
cd–> 路径切换(文件定位路径)
绝对路径:从/开始的路径 例如 /home/qf/zz
相对路径:相对于当前目录开始
cd专用:
cd~ 返回到用户的家目录
cd- 返回上次所在的目录
cd 返回用户的家目录
cd… 返回上一级目录
命令 pwd 为查看当前所在的目录
[root@localhost ~]# pwd //查看当前所在的目录
/root
3.文件夹/文件的创建、复制、移动、删除
3.1 文件的创建(touch)
[root@cuichengjie ~]# touch /root/Desktop/qf.txt //在/root/Desktop位置上创建了qf.txt文件
[root@cuichengjie ~]# touch /root/Desktop/qf{1..10}.txt //在此位置上创建了qf1~10.txt,共10个文件,1,10最先创建
3.2 文件夹的创建(mkdir)
[root@cuichengjie ~]# mkdir /root/dir1 //在root路径上创建了dir1这个文件夹
[root@cuichengjie ~]# mkdir dir2 //在当前所在路径上创建了dir2这个文件夹
[root@cuichengjie ~]# mkdir -v cui{1..5} //在当前所在路径上创建5个连续名称的文件夹
mkdir: created directory ‘cui1’
mkdir: created directory ‘cui2’
mkdir: created directory ‘cui3’ // -v 在此表示显示创建详情
mkdir: created directory ‘cui4’
mkdir: created directory ‘cui5’
[root@cuichengjie ~]# mkdir -pv /root/Desktop/dir3/dir4 //在/root/Desktop/上创建了dir3,在dir3里又包含了新创建的dir4
mkdir: created directory ‘/root/Desktop/dir3’
mkdir: created directory ‘/root/Desktop/dir3/dir4’
// -p表示递归创建 上局命令先在Desktop创建dir3,然后又在dir3里创建了dir4
参数解析:
-p:递归创建
-v:显示创建详情
3.3 文件/文件夹的复制(cp)
格式为: cp -v 文件名 复制到的路径
[root@cuichengjie ~]# cp -v /root/Desktop/qf1.txt /home/
‘/root/Desktop/qf1.txt’ -> ‘/home/qf1.txt’
[root@cuichengjie ~]# ls /home/ //qf1.txt被复制到home目录中
cuichengjie1 qf1.txt
[root@cuichengjie ~]# cp -rv /root/Desktop/qf /home/ //文件夹的复制
‘/root/Desktop/qf’ -> ‘/home/qf’
‘/root/Desktop/qf/qf.txt’ -> ‘/home/qf/qf.txt’
-r为复制目录 在复制文件夹时,会将文件夹里面的内容一同复制
[root@cuichengjie ~]# cp -v /root/Desktop/qf /root/cui1
cp: omitting directory ‘/root/Desktop/qf’ //待解决
一次性拷贝多个文件:
[root@cuichengjie ~]# cd /root/Desktop/ //进入桌面
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# ls //显示桌面上的所有文件
dir3 qf qf10.txt qf1.txt qf2.txt qf3.txt qf4.txt qf5.txt qf6.txt qf7.txt qf8.txt qf9.txt qf.txt
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# cp -v qf1.txt qf2.txt /opt/ //如果未进入桌面,则所复制的文件应带上绝对路径
‘qf1.txt’ -> ‘/opt/qf1.txt’
‘qf2.txt’ -> ‘/opt/qf2.txt’
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# cp -v qf2.txt /opt/b.txt
‘qf2.txt’ -> ‘/opt/b.txt’ //将qf2.txt拷贝到opt中,并改名为b.txt,文件内容不变
3.4 文件/文件夹的删除(rm -rf)
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# rm -rfv qf1.txt //删除Desktop上的qf1.txt文件
removed ‘qf1.txt’
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# rm -rfv qf //删除Desktop上的qf文件夹,连同里面所有文件一同删除
removed ‘qf/qf.txt’
removed directory: ‘qf’
[root@cuichengjie Desktop]# rm -rfv /root/Desktop/* //*指代该文件夹内所有的内容
removed directory: ‘/root/Desktop/dir3/dir4’
removed directory: ‘/root/Desktop/dir3’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf10.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf2.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf3.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf4.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf5.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf6.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf7.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf8.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf9.txt’
removed ‘/root/Desktop/qf.txt’
参数解析:
-r 递归
-f force强制
-v 显示操作详情
-pwd 查看当前目录