DRF基本视图——继承APIView

1、DRF基本视图继承关系简图


代码实现

• 1、获取列表资源——序列化返回多个模型类对象，查询字符串方式/books/?keyword=传
• request.query_params用于提取查询字符串参数
  注：函数chain（value1，value2，…）：用来合并多个查询集

from itertools import chain
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from .serializers import *


class BooksView(APIView):
    # 1、获取列表资源——序列化返回多个模型类对象
    def get(self, request):
       
        # keyword = request.query_params.get('keyword')
        keyword = request.query_params.getlist('keyword')  # 得到的keyword是一个列表
        if keyword:
            books_all = BookInfo.objects.filter(pk=-1)
            for str in keyword:
                books = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__contains=str)
                books_all = chain(books_all, books)  # chain：用来合并多个查询集
    
        else:
            books_all = BookInfo.objects.all()
        bs = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=books_all, many=True)
        return Response(
            data=bs.data,
            status=200,
            # headers={'server-version': 'v1.0'},
            # content_type='application/json'
        )

• 主路由映射：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path

from books_test.views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 获取多个对象
    re_path(r'^books/$', BooksView.as_view()),
    # 获取单一资源：GET + /books/(?P<pk>\d+)/ = self.get
    re_path(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', BookView.as_view()),
]

• 2、新建单一资源——反序列化新建单一模型类对象
• request.data用于提取请求体参数
  注：如果请求体是表单，提取到的也是多值字段类型QueryDict，也支持get提取的是最后的value值

   # 2、新建单一资源——反序列化新建单一模型类对象
    def post(self, request):
        bs = BookInfoModelSerializer(data=request.data)
        if not bs.is_valid():
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '参数有误'}, status=400)
        bs.save()
        return Response(
            data=bs.data,
            status=200
        )

• 3、获取单一资源 —— 序列化返回单一模型类对象
• 4、更新单一资源 —— 反序列化更新单一模型类对象
• 5、删除单一资源 —— 反序列化删除单一模型类对象

class BookView(APIView):

    # 3、获取单一资源 —— 序列化返回单一模型类对象
    # GET + /books/1/
    def get(self, request, pk):
        # 1、提取参数
        # 2、校验参数
        # 3、数据处理 —— 序列化返回单一资源
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist as e:
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '404 not found'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book)
        # 4、构建响应
        return Response(data=serializer.data)


    # 4、更新单一资源 —— 反序列化更新单一模型类对象
    # 4.2、全更新(全校验)：PUT + /books/1/
    def put(self, request, pk):
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist as e:
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '404 not found'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if not serializer.is_valid():
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '数据有误'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        # 一旦调用save函数，instance对象就被更新/新建，那么我们后续还可以使用data来获取该对象序列化的结果
        serializer.save()

        return Response(data=serializer.data)


    # 4.2、部分更新(部分校验)：PATCH + /books/1/
    def patch(self, request, pk):
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist as e:
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '404 not found'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

        # partial=True表示部分校验
        serializer = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data, partial=True)
        if not serializer.is_valid():
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '数据有误'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        # 一旦调用save函数，instance对象就被更新/新建，那么我们后续还可以使用data来获取该对象序列化的结果
        serializer.save()

        return Response(data=serializer.data)


    # 5、删除单一资源 —— 反序列化删除单一模型类对象
    # DELETE + /books/1/
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        # 删除动作不经过序列化器
        try:
            book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except BookInfo.DoesNotExist as e:
            return Response(data={'errmsg': '404 not found'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        book.delete()
        return Response(data=None, status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)