车联网现状与信息安全的挑战

车联网作为物联网的重要应用,正快速发展。系统包括车载终端、云计算处理和数据分析平台,涉及传感器、无线传输和数据处理技术。国际上已实现车辆与道路间的智能通信,但车联网信息安全成为重大挑战,智能汽车的大量车载电脑、无线接入和大数据处理易受攻击。未来,车联网需解决动态性、无线传输效率和安全防护等问题,以实现大规模商用。
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  科技发展从网络的出现到移动网络、智能手机的普及,一直到这几年讨论热度最高物联网IoT(Internet of Things),10年前和现在的生活型态一比已经有颠覆性的变化。人们对于智能装置的习惯和依赖,让许多科技大厂开始关注移动装置以外的新兴应用领域,而车联网更是物联网的其中一项如火如荼进行中的重大应用。

  车联网系统分为三大部分:车载终端、云计算处理平台、数据分析平台。车载终端采集车辆实时运行数据,实现对车辆所有工作信息和静、动态信息的采集、存储并发送。车载终端由传感器、数据采集器、无线发送模块组成,车辆实时运行工况包括驾驶员的操作行为、动力系统工作参数数据等;由云计算处理平台处理海量车辆信息,对数据进行“过滤清洗”;数据分析平台则负责对数据进行报表式处理,供管理人员查看。


  国际车联网现状

  车辆运行监控系统长久以来都是智能交通发展的重点领域。在国际上,美国的IVHS、日本的VICS等系统通过车辆和道路之间建立有效的信息通信,已经实现了智能交通的

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Electronic Control Units (ECUs) of a vehicle control the behavior of its devices–e.g., break and engine. They communicate through the in-vehicle network. Vehicles communicate with other vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) through Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANets), with personal devices through Wireless Per- sonal Area Networks (WPANs), and with service center systems through cellular networks. A vehicle that uses an external network, in addition to the in-vehicle network, is called connected vehicle. A connected vehicle could benefit from smart mobility applications: applications that use information generated by vehicles, e.g., cooperative adaptive cruise control. However, connecting in-vehicle network, VANet, WPAN, and cellular network in- creases the count and complexity of threats to vehicles, which makes developing security and privacy solutions for connected vehicles more challenging. In this work we provide a taxonomy for security and privacy aspects of connected vehicle. The aspects are: security of communication links, data validity, security of devices, identity and liability, access control, and privacy of drivers and vehicles. We use the taxonomy to classify the main threats to connected vehicles, and existing solutions that address the threats. We also report about the (only) approach for verifying security and privacy architecture of connected vehicle that we found in the literature. The taxonomy and survey could be used by security architects to develop security solutions for smart mobility applications.
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