上次在寻找线性回归最小化函数时,又引出一个新的地雷,一个新的不知道,我们继续上路,开足马车继续寻找“似然函数”,它到底是什么呢?
先来到WIKI上看看定义:
In statistics, a likelihood function (often simply the likelihood) is a function of the parameters of a statistical model given data. Likelihood functions play a key role in statistical inference, especially methods of estimating a parameter from a set of statistics. In informal contexts, "likelihood" is often used as a synonym for "probability." In statistics, a distinction is made depending on the roles of outcomes vs. parameters. Probability is used before data are available to describe possible future outcomes given a fixed value for the parameter (or parameter vector). Likelihood is used after data are available to describe a function of a parameter (or parameter vector) for a given outcome.
接着来到百度上:
统计学中,似然函数是一种关于统计模型参数的函数。给定输出x时,关于参数θ的似然函数L(θ|x)(在数值上)等于给定参数θ后变量X的概率:
L(θ|x)=P(X=x|θ).
似然函数在推断统计学(Statistical inference)中扮演重要角色,尤其是在参数估计方法中。在教科书中,似然常常被用作“概率”的同义词。但是在统计学中,二者有截然不同的用法。概率描述了已知参数时的随机变量的输出结果;似然则用来描述已知随机变量输出结果时&#x