【Python办公自动化之Word】

python办公⾃动化之-Word

python-docx库

1、安装python-docx库

cmd窗⼝或终端输⼊pip install python-docx按下回⻋等待安装完成。
说明

2、⽂档的结构说明

在word⽂档中，其主要结构如下所述：

1. 每个document包含多个paragraph,每个paragraph有多个run,每个run包含有(text⽂本,font字体,color颜⾊,字号)
2. 每个document包含多个tables,table中有多个rows,每个row包含多个cells,每个cell中包含多个paragraph。对于写word表格不论是 head 还是paragraph 基本操作都是先添加对象,然后再添加run就好了
3. word表格的结构包含head标题、normal 正⽂、Caption表

3、基本操作语法

3.1 打开⽂档

document = Document

不填默认为新建⼀个⽂档

3.2加⼊不同等级的标题

document.add_heading('总标题',0)
document.add_heading('⼀级标题',1)
document.add_heading('⼆级标题',2)

3.3 添加⽂本

 paragraph = document.add_paragraph('⽂本内容')

3.4 设置字号

run = paragraph.add_run('设置字号、')
run.font.size = Pt(34)

插曲1：实战演示

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt

document = Document()

# 添加标题
document.add_heading('总标题', 0)
document.add_heading('一级标题', 1)
document.add_heading('二级标题', 2)

paragraph = document.add_paragraph('我是⽂本内容')

run = paragraph.add_run('设置字号、')
run.font.size = Pt(34)

document.save('test.docx')	#生成的文件名+路径，不设路径默认在工程目录下

运行结果：

3.5 设置中⽂字体

run = paragraph.add_run('设置中⽂字体、')
run.font.name = '宋体'
r = run._element
r.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')

3.6 设置斜体

run = paragraph.add_run('斜体、')
run.italic = True

3.7 设置粗体

 paragraph.add_run('粗体').bold = True

3.8⾸⾏缩进

缩进⽅式	属性
左边缩进	left_indent
右边缩进	right_indent
⾸⾏缩进	first_line_indent

插曲2：实战演示

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Pt

document = Document()

# 添加标题
document.add_heading('总标题', 0)
document.add_heading('一级标题', 1)
document.add_heading('二级标题', 2)

paragraph = document.add_paragraph('我是文本本内容')
paragraph.add_run('粗体').bold = True

run = paragraph.add_run('设置字号、')
run.font.size = Pt(34)
run = paragraph.add_run('设置中⽂字体、')
run.font.name = '华文彩云'
r = run._element
r.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '华文彩云')

run = paragraph.add_run('斜体、')
run.italic = True

document.save('test.docx')

插曲3：实战演示

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

doc = Document()
paragraph = doc.add_paragraph()
paragraph.add_run('因______，特向您请事假____天。请假时间自_____年___月___日至_____年___月___日。这段时间内原计划安排的课程已做好处理，希望领导批准。' )

article2_format = paragraph.paragraph_format
article2_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.3) #英寸单位
doc.save('请假.docx')

3.9 对⻬⽅式

名称	属性
左对⻬	LEFT
居中	CENTER
右对⻬	RIGHT
⽂本两端对⻬	JUSTIFY

插曲4：实战演示

from docx import Document
from docx.enum.text import
WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT
doc = Document()
title = doc.add_paragraph()
a2 = title.add_run('标题内容')
title.alignment =
WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER # 居中
doc.save('test.docx')

3.10 增加列表

from docx import Document
document = Document()
document.add_paragraph(
 '⽆序列表元素1', style='List Bullet'
 )
document.add_paragraph(
 '⽆序列表元素2', style='List Bullet'
 )
document.add_paragraph(
 '⽆序列表元素3', style='List Bullet'
 )

document.add_paragraph(
 '有序列表元素1', style='List Number'
 )
document.add_paragraph(
 '有序列表元素2', style='List Number'
 )
document.add_paragraph(
 '有序列表元素3', style='List Number'
 )


document.save('列表.docx')

3.11 增加图片

png为图⽚名称（必须与代码⽂件在同⼀个⽂件夹内）

document.add_picture('1.png',width=Inches(1.35)

3.12 增加表格

table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=3)
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Name'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'

插曲5：实战演示

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

doc = Document()
# doc.add_picture('dlrb.jpeg', width=Inches(1.35))
doc.add_picture('dlrb.jpeg', width=Inches(1.35), height=Inches(1.35))

table = doc.add_table(rows=1, cols=3, style="Table Grid")
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Name'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'
for i in range(3):
    row_cells = table.add_row().cells
    row_cells[0].text = 'test'+str(i)
    row_cells[1].text = str(i)
    row_cells[2].text = 'desc'+str(i)
doc.save('test.docx')

运行效果：

3.13 再增加3行表格元素

for i in range(3):
 row_cells = table.add_row().cells
 row_cells[0].text = 'test'+str(i)
 row_cells[1].text = str(i)
 row_cells[2].text = 'desc'+str(i)

3.14 增加分页

document.add_page_break()

3.15 保存文件

document.save('测试.docx')

3.16 完整代码

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt
from docx.shared import Inches
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
document = Document()
document.add_heading(u'MS WORD写⼊测试',0)
document.add_heading('⼀级标题',1)
document.add_heading('⼆级标题',2)
paragraph = document.add_paragraph('我们在做⽂
本测试！')
run = paragraph.add_run('设置字号、')
run.font.size = Pt(34)
run = paragraph.add_run('设置中⽂字体、')
run.font.name = '宋体'
r = run._element
r.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), '宋体')
run = paragraph.add_run('斜体、')
run.italic = True
paragraph.add_run('粗体').bold = True
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote',
style='Intense Quote')
document.add_paragraph(
 '⽆序列表元素1', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph(
 '⽆序列表元素3', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph(
 '有序列表元素1', style='List Number'
)
document.add_paragraph(
 '有序列表元素3', style='List Number'
)

document.add_picture('dlrb.jpeg',width=Inches(1.35))
table = document.add_table(rows=1, cols=3)
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[0].text = 'Name'
hdr_cells[1].text = 'Id'
hdr_cells[2].text = 'Desc'
for i in range(3):
 row_cells = table.add_row().cells
 row_cells[0].text = 'test'+str(i)
 row_cells[1].text = str(i)
 row_cells[2].text = 'desc'+str(i)
document.add_page_break()
document.save('测试.docx')

3.17 获取文档操作

from docx import Document

doc = Document('test.docx')
paragraphs = doc.paragraphs
# print(len(paragraphs))
for paragraph in paragraphs:
    print(paragraph.text)

test.tocx

运行结果：

3.18 获取段落数量

# 段落数量
print(len(doc.paragraphs ))

4、案例

4.1 请假条

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.shared import Pt, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT

doc = Document()
# 全局字体设置
doc.styles['Normal'].font.name = '宋体'
doc.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋体')

# 创建标题
title = doc.add_paragraph()
title1 = title.add_run('公司员工请假条')
title1.font.size = Pt(20)
title1.blod = True
title.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

# 正文
article1 = doc.add_paragraph()
article2 = article1.add_run('___部：')

article3 = doc.add_paragraph()
article4 = article3.add_run('因____________ ，特向您请事假天。请假时间自_年月日 至_年月日。这段时间内原计 划安排的课程已做好处理，希望领导批准。')

# ⾸⾏缩进 负值表示悬挂缩进
article3_format = article3.paragraph_format
article3_format.first_line_indent = Inches(0.3)

article3 = doc.add_paragraph()
a3 = article3.add_run('请假人:') # 内容
article3.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT
article3_format = article3.paragraph_format
article3_format.right_indent = Inches(0.9)

nowData = doc.add_paragraph()
n3 = nowData.add_run('年 月 日') # 内容
nowData.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.RIGHT
nowData_format = nowData.paragraph_format
nowData_format.right_indent = Inches(0.3)

doc.save('请假条.docx')

4.2 Excel转换为word

import xlrd
from docx import Document
from docx.enum.section import WD_ORIENTATION
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT
from docx.shared import Pt, Cm, RGBColor
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.enum.table import WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT


def read_excel():
    """读取Excel"""
    book = xlrd.open_workbook('test.xlsx')
    sheet = book.sheet_by_name(book.sheet_names()[0])
    nrows = sheet.nrows # 行数
    ncols = sheet.ncols # 列数
    datas = [] # 存放数据
    # 第一列 标题
    keys = sheet.row_values(0)
    for row in range(1, nrows):
      data = {} # 每一行数据
      for col in range(0, ncols):
        value = sheet.cell_value(row, col) # 取出每一个单元格的数据
        # 替换到特殊字符
        value = value.replace('<', '').replace('>', '').replace('$', '')
        data[keys[col]] = value
        # 截取第一列元素
        if col == 0:
          first = '' # 截取元素 第1
          second = '' # 截取元素 第2
          third = '' # 截取元素 第3
          arrs = value.lstrip('/').split('/') # 去掉第一个/ 然后再以/分组
          if len(arrs) > 0:
            if len(arrs) == 1:
              first = arrs[0]
              second = first
              third = second
            elif len(arrs) == 2:
              first = arrs[0]
              second = arrs[1]
              third = second
            elif len(arrs) == 3:
              first = arrs[0]
              second = arrs[1]
              third = arrs[2]
            else:
              first = arrs[0]
              second = arrs[1]
              third = arrs[2]
          else:
            first = value.ltrip('/')
            second = first
            third = second
          data['first'] = first
          data['second'] = second
          data['third'] = third
        # 截取第一列结束
      datas.append(data)
    return datas



def write_word(datas):
    """生成word文件"""
    if len(datas) < 1:
      print('Excel没有内容')
      return
    # 定义word文档对象
    doc = Document()
    # 添加横向
    section = doc.sections[0] # doc.add_section(start_type=WD_SECTION_START.CONTINUOUS) # 添加横向页的连续节
    section.orientation = WD_ORIENTATION.LANDSCAPE
    page_h, page_w = section.page_width, section.page_height
    section.page_width = page_w # 设置横向纸的宽度
    section.page_height = page_h # 设置横向纸的高度
    # 设置字体
    doc.styles['Normal'].font.name = u'宋体'
    doc.styles['Normal']._element.rPr.rFonts.set(qn('w:eastAsia'), u'宋体')
    # 获取第3部分(部门) 并去重
    data_third = []
    for data in datas:
      third = data['third']
      if data_third.count(third) == 0:
        data_third.append(third)
    for third in data_third:
      h2 = doc.add_heading(third, level=2) # 写入部门,二级标题
      run = h2.runs[0] # 可以通过add_run来设置文字，也可以通过数组来获取
      run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)
      run.font.name = u'宋体'
      doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 增加空白行 换行
      # 开始获取模板
      data_template = []
      for data in datas:
        if data['third'] == third:
          template = {'first': data['first'], '模板名称': data['模板名称']}
          if data_template.count(template) == 0:
            data_template.append(template)
      # 获取模板完成
      # 遍历模板
      for template in data_template:
        h3 = doc.add_heading(template['模板名称'], level=3) # 插入模板名称,三级标题
        run = h3.runs[0] # 可以通过add_run来设置文字，也可以通过数组来获取
        run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)
        run.font.name = u'宋体'
        doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 换行
        data_table = filter(
          lambda data: data['third'] == third and data['模板名称'] == template['模板名称'] and data['first'] ==
                 template['first'], datas)
        data_table = list(data_table)
        # 新增表格 4行5列
        doc_table = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=5)
        doc_table.style = "Table Grid"
        doc_table.style.font.size = Pt(9)
        doc_table.style.font.name = '宋体'

        # 合并单元格 赋值
        doc_table.rows[0].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[0].cells[4])
        doc_table.rows[1].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[1].cells[4])
        doc_table.rows[2].cells[1].merge(doc_table.rows[2].cells[4])
        doc_table.rows[0].cells[0].text = '流程名称：'
        doc_table.rows[0].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['模板名称']
        doc_table.rows[1].cells[0].text = '使用人：'
        doc_table.rows[1].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['first']
        doc_table.rows[2].cells[0].text = '流程说明：'
        doc_table.rows[2].cells[1].text = data_table[0]['流程说明']

        # 设置标题
        head_cells = doc_table.rows[3].cells # 前面还有三行，特殊处理
        head_cells[0].text = '节点'
        head_cells[1].text = '节点名'
        head_cells[2].text = '处理人员'
        head_cells[3].text = '处理方式'
        head_cells[4].text = '跳转信息'
        # 设置列宽
        head_cells[0].width = Cm(1.9)
        head_cells[1].width = Cm(4.83)
        head_cells[2].width = Cm(8.25)
        head_cells[3].width = Cm(2.54)
        head_cells[4].width = Cm(5.64)
        # 第1 列水平居中，并设置行高，所有单元格内容垂直居中
        for i in range(0, 4):
          # 水平居中
          p = doc_table.rows[i].cells[0].paragraphs[0]
          p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
          doc_table.rows[i].height = Cm(0.6) # 行高
          # 垂直居中
          for j in range(0, 5):
            doc_table.rows[i].cells[j].vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

        # 生成表格并填充内容
        row_num = 0
        for data in data_table:
          row = doc_table.add_row()
          row_cells = row.cells
          row_cells[0].text = str(row_num + 1) # 序号，需要转换成字符串
          row_cells[1].text = data['节点名称']
          row_cells[2].text = data['审批人员']
          row_cells[3].text = data['审批方式']
          row_cells[4].text = ''
          # 水平居中
          p = row_cells[0].paragraphs[0]
          p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
          row.height = Cm(0.6) # 行高
          # 垂直居中
          for j in range(0, 5):
            row_cells[j].vertical_alignment = WD_CELL_VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
          row_num = row_num + 1

        doc.add_paragraph(text='', style=None) # 换行
    doc.save('test.docx')

print(write_word(read_excel()))