1.7 多态的理解

多态：通过基类的指针或引用访问派生类的对象，执行派生类中实现的操作

举例：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>

#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846

using namespace std;
//抽象类
/*抽象类不能有对象，但可以有继承类
*/
class CFigure
{
public:
	virtual char* FigureType() = 0;//纯虚函数
	virtual double Circumference() = 0;//纯虚函数
	virtual double Area() = 0;//纯虚函数
	virtual ~CFigure(){ }
};
//派生类CTriangle
class CTriangle : public CFigure
{
public:
	CTriangle()
	{
		a = b = c = 0;
	}
	CTriangle(double a, double b, double c) : a(a), b(b), c(c){ }
	virtual char* FigureType()
	{
		return "Triangle";
	}
	virtual double Circumference()
	{
		return a + b + c;
	}
	virtual double Area()
	{
		double S = Circumference() / 2;
		return sqrt(S * (S - a) * (S - b) * (S - c));
	}
private:
	double a, b, c;
};
//派生类CSquare
class CSquare : public CFigure
{
public:
	CSquare()
	{
		a = b = 0;
	}
	CSquare(double a, double b) : a(a), b(b) { }
	virtual char* FigureType()
	{
		return "Square";
	}
	virtual double Circumference()
	{
		return 2 * a + 2 * b;
	}
	virtual double Area()
	{
		return a * b;
	}
private:
	double a, b;
};
//派生类CCircle
class CCircle : public CFigure
{
public:
	CCircle()
	{
		r = 0;
	}
	CCircle(double r) : r(r) { }
	virtual char* FigureType()
	{
		return "Circle";
	}
	virtual double Circumference()
	{
		return 2 * r * M_PI;
	}
	virtual double Area()
	{
		return r * r * M_PI;
	}
private:
	double r;
};

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	
	CFigure* figures[3];
	//实例化抽象类的指针或引用
	figures[0] = new CTriangle(2.1, 3.2, 4.3);
	figures[1] = new CSquare(5.4, 6.5);
	figures[2] = new CCircle(8.8);
	//编译器在运行时才知道图行指针指向哪个对象，编译时并不知道指向哪个对象，该过程称为动态绑定
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		cout << "Figure type:\t" << figures[i]->FigureType()
			<< "\nCircumference:\t" <<
			figures[i]->Circumference()
			<< "\nArea:\t\t" << figures[i]->Area()
			<< endl << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

执行结果：