sed命令的语法格式:
sed的命令格式: sed [option] 'sed command'filename
sed的脚本格式:sed [option] -f 'sed script'filename
sed命令的选项(option):
-n :只打印模式匹配的行
-e :直接在命令行模式上进行sed动作编辑,此为默认选项
-f :将sed的动作写在一个文件内,用–f filename 执行filename内的sed动作
-r :支持扩展表达式
-i :直接修改文件内容
测试文件sedtest.txt,内容为:
[root@localhost sed]# cat sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it is a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
打印:p命令:
- 打印sedtest.txt中包含"This"的行。
默认情况sed把所有行都打印到屏幕,如果某行匹配到模式,则把该行另外再打印一遍。例如:
[root@localhost sed]# sed '/This/p' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This is your dog
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it is a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
- 和上面一样,只是去掉了sed的默认行为,只会打印匹配的行
[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '/This/p' sedtest.txt
This is your dog
[root@localhost sed]#
打印第10行到20行,sed -n '10,20p' sedtest.txt
打印从'abc'行到'def'行,sed -n '/abc/,/def/p' sedtest.txt
间隔行:步进2行,sed -n '1~2p' sedtest.txt
删除:d命令:(不会修改源文件,-i可以修改原文件)
- 删除从第3行到最后一行的内容。
[root@localhost sed]# sed '3,$d' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
[root@localhost sed]#
- 删除第二行数据内容:
sed -i '2d' file
- 删除最后一行的内容
[root@localhost sed]# sed '$d' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
[root@localhost sed]#
- 删除包含“is”的行
[root@localhost sed]# sed '/is/d' sedtest.txt
it's a cat;
[root@localhost sed]#
替换:s命令(默认不会修改原文件,"-i"可以修改原文件)
- 把行内的所有"it"替换成"IT",如果没有g,则只替换行内的第一个it
[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/it/IT/' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
IT's a cat,it has a tail;
This is your dog
ITs name is Lokia;
That is your cat
IT is a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
- /g 表示全部替换
[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/it/IT/g' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
IT's a cat,IT has a tail;
This is your dog
ITs name is Lokia;
That is your cat
IT is a gITl
[root@localhost sed]#
- -n /p 只打印发生替换的那些行
[root@localhost sed]# sed -n 's/it/It/gp' sedtest.txt
It's a cat,It has a tail;
Its name is Lokia;
It is a gItl
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed ‘s/it/&123/’ sedtest.txt :在行内第一个出现的的it后面添加123(&表示匹配的内容)
[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/it/&123/' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it123's a cat,it has a tail;
This is your dog
it123s name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it123 is a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed 's/it/&123/g' sedtest.txt:在所有的it后面添加123
[root@localhost sed]# sed 's/it/&123/g' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it123's a cat,it123 has a tail;
This is your dog
it123s name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it123 is a git123l
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed -n 's/it/&123/gp' sedtest.txt :在所有it后面添加123,打印受影响的行数
[root@localhost sed]# sed -n 's/it/&123/gp' sedtest.txt
it123's a cat,it123 has a tail;
it123s name is Lokia;
it123 is a git123l
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed -i 's/^/{"index":{}}\n/g' test.txt: 在每一行前都添加一行{"index":{}}\n
- sed 's#it#abc#g' sedtest.txt :把所有的it替换成abc,跟在替换s后面的字符就是查找串和替换串之间的分割字符,本例中试#
[root@localhost sed]# sed 's#it#abc#g' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
abc's a cat,abc has a tail;
This is your dog
abcs name is Lokia;
That is your cat
abc is a gabcl
[root@localhost sed]#
指定行的范围:逗号
- sed -n '/dog/,/cat/p' sedtest.txt:打印模式dog到cat的行
[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '/dog/,/cat/p' sedtest.txt
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed -n '2,/Lokia/p' sedtest.txt :打印从第2行到包含Lokia行之间的行
[root@localhost sed]# sed -n '2,/Lokia/p' sedtest.txt
it's a cat,it has a tail;
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
[root@localhost sed]#
- sed '/dog/,/cat/s/is/IS/g' sedtest.txt :修改从模式dog到模式cat之间的行,把is替换成IS
[root@localhost sed]# sed '/dog/,/cat/s/is/IS/g' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat,it has a tail;
ThIS IS your dog
its name IS Lokia;
That IS your cat
it is a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
多重编辑-e
- sed -e '1,3d' -e 's/is/IS/g' sedtest.txt:删除1-3行,然后把其余行的is替换成IS
[root@localhost sed]# sed -e '1,3d' -e 's/is/IS/g' sedtest.txt
its name IS Lokia;
That IS your cat
it IS a gitl
[root@localhost sed]#
读文件:r命令
- sed '/it/r sedtest2.txt' sedtest.txt:在匹配'it'的行的下一行开始加入文件sedtest.txt的内容
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/it/r sedtest2.txt' ./sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
this is sedtest2.txt
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
this is sedtest2.txt
That is your cat
it is a gitl
this is sedtest2.txt
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
写文件:w命令
- sed '/it/w sedtest2.txt' ./sedtest.txt :在包含‘it’的行写入sedtest2.txt
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ cat sedtest2.txt
hello world
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/it/w sedtest2.txt' ./sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ cat sedtest2.txt
it's a cat;
its name is Lokia;
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
追加:a命令
- sed '/it/a\def' sedtest.txt :在包含‘it’行后新起一行,写入def
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/it/a\def' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
def
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
def
That is your cat
it is a gitl
def
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
- 在第5行后添加一行:sed '5a=====' sedtest.txt
插入:i命令
- sed '/it/i\def' sedtest.txt :在包含‘it’行前插入一行,写入def
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/it/i\def' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
def
it's a cat;
This is your dog
def
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
def
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
修改:c命令
- sed '/This/c\THIS' sedtest.txt :将This替换成THIS,不会修改原文件(-i可以实现修改原文件)
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/This/c\THIS' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
THIS
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
读取下一行:n命令
- sed '/Lokia/{n;s/That/THAT/g;}' sedtest.txt:读取包含Lokia的行的下一行,替换That为THAT
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/Lokia/{n;s/That/THAT/g;}' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This
its name is Lokia;
THAT is your cat
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:
转换:y命令
- sed 'y/sl/SL/' sedtest.txt :将sedtest.txt中的s替换成S,l替换成L
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed 'y/sl/SL/' sedtest.txt
my cat'S name iS betty
it'S a cat;
ThiS iS your dog
itS name iS Lokia;
That iS your cat
it iS a gitL
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
退出:q命令
- sed '/it/{n;s/This/THIS/;q}' sedtest.txt:将sedtest.txt中包含it的下一行,将This替换成THIS,然后退出
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed '/it/{n;s/This/THIS/g;q}' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
THIS is your dog
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
暂存和取用:h命令(把模式行存储到暂存缓冲区)和g(取出暂存缓冲区的行并覆盖模式缓冲区)G(取出临时缓冲区的行)命令
h和g是复制行为(覆盖),H和G表示追加。
sed -e '/is/h' -e '$G' sedtest.txt:包含abc的行通过h命令保存到暂存缓冲区,在第二条命令汇中,sed读到最后一行$时,G命令从暂存缓冲区中读取一行,追加到模式缓冲区的后面。即所有包含abc的行的最后一行被复制到文件末尾。
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$ sed -e '/is/h' -e '$G' sedtest.txt
my cat's name is betty
it's a cat;
This is your dog
its name is Lokia;
That is your cat
it is a gitl
it is a gitl
vincent@vincent-duan:~/temp$
{}
sed '{20,30d;s/false/true/g}' file.txt 先将20行到30行删除,然后将flase替换成true
()
\( \) :替换某种(部分)字符串(\1,\2)
删除每行第一个tab
sed -i 's/^[\t]//' file
替换{"username":"vincent","age":"25"}删除"username":"vincent"
sed -i 's/"username":".*"//g' ./file.txt
删除每行第一个:数字+\t
sed 's/[0-9]*\t/' ./file.txt
删除第一行到最后一行数据:
sed -i "1,\$d" ./file.txt