MEM/MBA英语基础（09）倒装句

本系列文章主要讲解 MEM/MBA 英语基础，系列文章总纲链接为：MEM/MBA英语基础

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本章节思维导图如下所示（思维导图会持续迭代）：

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1 倒装句概要说明

@1 倒装句概念

英语句子的⾃然顺序是主语在前, 谓语在后(主语+谓语)，倒装句是把谓语动词放在主语之前(谓语+主语)

@2 倒装句分类：

1. 全部倒装：全部谓语放在主语之前。谓语+主语，比如：Here came the headmaster.
2. 部分倒装：只把助动词或be 动词放在语之前。助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词，比如：Nerve will I forgive you.

2 倒装句详细说明

2.1 完全倒装

@1在以here、there、now、then 等副词开头的句⼦里。句式为：副词+vi+主语

1. Here comes the old lady!

2. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

3. Now comes your turn.

如果主语是⼈称代词,主语和谓语序不变，不用倒装。比如：

1. Here you are.

2. There she comes.

@2 表示⽅向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要⽤全部倒装。 如果主语是⼈称代词,就不用倒装。

1. In came Mr. White.

2. Up went the arrow into the air.
3. Away went the boy.

@3 当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。

句式：介词短语+vi+主语(必须是名词)，比如：

1. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 
East of the lake lie two towns. 

2. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

如果主语为⼈称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。 比如：


In he came and back he went again.

2.2 部分倒装

部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等，而把原来的 谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。

2.2.1 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。

@1 这类词或短语主要有：never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely(罕有), by no means(决不不), in no way(决不不), at no time, few, not, no。

1. Never in my life have I heard such a thing.
2. Little did we expect that he could come.
3. Not a single word did he say at the meeting.
4. By no means should we do like this.

@2 以否定词开头的关联结构:No sooner ...than..., Hardly/scarcely...when...,Not only...but also...

1. Hardly had I reached the airport when the plane took off.
2. Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.
3. Not only did he buy a bike for me but he also sent it to my house.
4. Not only the mother but also the children are sick.(连接主语时不不倒装)

2.2.2 Only + 状语(副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句)，位于句首，要部分倒装

1. Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)

2. Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)

3. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)

2.2.3 so...that/such...that句型中so, such位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。

1. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们很难想象它的速度。
2. So excited was he that he couldn’t say a word. 他激动得⼀句话也说不出来了。
3. Such a lovely toy is the boy interested in that his parents decide to buy it for him. 这个男孩对这么可爱的玩具感兴趣，他的⽗⺟决定给他买。

2.2.4 as/ though (虽然，尽管)引导的让步状语从句。

句式:名词\形容词\副词\动词\分词+as\though+主语+其他

1. Though I am ugly, I am gentle.
2. —Ugly as I am, I am gentle.
3. Though he is a child, he has to make a living.
4. —Child as he is, he has to make a living.