c++ move

考虑一个场景：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

class String
{
private:
    char *m_Data;
    unsigned m_Size;
public:
    String();
    String(const char* p)
    {
        m_Size = strlen(p)+1;
        m_Data = new char[m_Size];
        memcpy(m_Data, p, m_Size);
        printf("Created!\n");
    }
    String(const String& other)
    {
        m_Size = other.m_Size;
        m_Data = new char[m_Size];
        memcpy(m_Data, other.m_Data, m_Size);
        printf("Copied!\n");
    }
    ~String()
    {
        delete[] m_Data;
        printf("Destroyed!\n");
    }
};

class Entity
{
private:
    String m_Name;
public:
    Entity(const String& name)
        : m_Name(name)
    {
    }
};

int main()
{
    Entity entity(String("Wang"));
    printf("entity created\n");
    system("pause");
}

运行结果：

Created!
Copied!
Destroyed!
entity created

我们发现复制了两次内存，太不划算了，有没有办法利用已有的内存？

利用右值引用，我们可以降低到只拷贝一次：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>

class String
{
private:
    char *m_Data;
    unsigned m_Size;
public:
    String();
    String(const char* p)
    {
        m_Size = strlen(p)+1;
        m_Data = new char[m_Size];
        memcpy(m_Data, p, m_Size);
        printf("Created!\n");
    }
    String(const String& other)
    {
        m_Size = other.m_Size;
        m_Data = new char[m_Size];
        memcpy(m_Data, other.m_Data, m_Size);
        printf("Copied!\n");
    }
    ~String()
    {
        delete[] m_Data;
        printf("Destroyed!\n");
    }

    /* NEW: constructor */
    String(String&& other) noexcept
    {
        m_Size = other.m_Size;
        m_Data = other.m_Data;

        m_Size = 0;
        m_Data = nullptr;  // make sure m_Data won't be deleted by Destructor

        printf("Moved!\n");
    }
};

class Entity
{
private:
    String m_Name;
public:
    Entity(const String& name)
        : m_Name(name)
    {
    }

    /* NEW: move constructor */
    Entity(String&& name)
        : m_Name(std::move(name))  
        // : m_Name((String&&)name)  // equivalent; must explicitly convert the type into String&&
    {
    }
};

int main()
{
    Entity entity(String("Wang"));
    printf("entity created\n");
    system("pause");
}

运行结果：

Created!
Moved!
Destroyed!
entity created