如果没有安装rabbitmq》》》》linux安装rabbitmq
一、导入依赖
<!--AMQP依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
二、编写配置
下面配置都是spring:下的
rabbitmq:
host: 44.98.18
username: guest
password: guest
# 虚拟主机
virtual-host: /
port: 5672
listener:
simple:
# 消费者最小数量
concurrency: 10
# 消费者最大数量
max-concurrency: 10
# 限制消费者每次只能处理一条消息,处理完再继续处理下一条消息
prefetch: 1
# 启动时是否默认启动容器,默认true
auto-startup: true
# 拒绝策略:被拒绝时是否重新进入队列
default-requeue-rejected: true
template:
retry:
# 发布重试,默认false
enabled: true
# 重试时间默认1000ms
initial-interval: 1000ms
# 重试次数,默认3
max-attempts: 3
# 重试最大间隔时间,默认10000ms
max-interval: 10000ms
# 重试的间隔乘数,比如配置2.0,第一次等10s,第二次等20s,第三次等40秒
multiplier: 1
一个简单队列
需要创建一个配置类,然后创建一个生产者,再创建一个消费者,之后在具体的业务中调用生产者就欧克了
创建一个队列 RabbitMQConfig.java
/**
* <p>
* RabbitMQ配置类
* </p>
*
* @author wangmh
* @since 2022/9/20 17:01
*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
@Bean
public Queue queue(){
// 名字,是否持久化
return new Queue("queue",true);
}
}
生产者:MQSender.java
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQSender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send(Object msg){
log.info("发送消息:"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("queue",msg);
}
}
消费者:MQReceiver.java
@Service
@Slf4jd
public class MQReceiver {
// 监听这个队列
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue")
public void receive(Object msg){
log.info("接收消息"+msg);
}
}
输出结果
结果:
2022-09-20 19:43:49.720 INFO 11180 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.example.rabbitmq.MQSender : 发送消息:hello
2022-09-20 19:43:49.853 INFO 11180 --- [ntContainer#0-9] com.example.rabbitmq.MQReceiver : 接收消息(Body:'hello' MessageProperties [headers={}, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=, receivedRoutingKey=queue, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-rr1oDI2wtJb1Np0jucHeGw, consumerQueue=queue])
交换机
一、fanout
广播模式,把队列和交换机进行绑定,转发消息是最快的,因为他不需要去处理路由键
发送到交换机的消息,会被转发到和这个交换机绑定的所有队列上(发布订阅模式
在配置文件中配置2个队列,1个交换机,把这个交换机和2个队列做绑定
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
private static final String QUEUE01 = "queue_fanout01";
private static final String QUEUE02 = "queue_fanout02";
private static final String EXCHANGE = "fanoutExchange";
@Bean
public Queue queue01(){
return new Queue(QUEUE01);
}
@Bean
public Queue queue02(){
return new Queue(QUEUE02);
}
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE);
}
// 绑定交换机和队列
@Bean
public Binding binding01(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
@Bean
public Binding binding02(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue02()).to(fanoutExchange());
}
}
发送:
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send01(Object msg){
log.info("发送消息:"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","",msg);
}
接收 :
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_fanout01")
public void receive01(Object msg){
log.info("queue01:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_fanout02")
public void receive02(Object msg){
log.info("queue02 :"+msg);
}
运行后就可以看到控制台的变化:
结果:
二、direct
所有被发送到direct交换机上的消息,都会被转发到路由key中指定的一个queue
和fanout相比,就是多了一个key,匹配的时候根据key进行匹配
发送的时候要带有路由key,如果匹配不到默认上会丢失,但是我们在yaml中配置了,发送失败重新进入队列
但是:
当项目使用的时间越来越就,路由key就会越来越多,就会变得越来越难管
RabbitMQConfig.java
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
private static final String QUEUE01 = "queue_direct01";
private static final String QUEUE02 = "queue_direct02";
private static final String EXCHANGE = "directExchange";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY01 = "queue.red";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY02 = "queue.green";
@Bean
public Queue queue01(){
return new Queue(QUEUE01);
}
@Bean
public Queue queue02(){
return new Queue(QUEUE02);
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange(){
return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE);
}
// 绑定队列和交换机,这种模式需要指定路由key
@Bean
public Binding binding01(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(directExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY01);
}
@Bean
public Binding binding02(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue02()).to(directExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY02);
}
}
发送者:
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQSender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send02(Object msg){
log.info("发送红色的消息::"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange","queue.red",msg);
}
public void send03(Object msg){
log.info("发送绿色的消息::"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange","queue.green",msg);
}
}
接收者:
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQReceiver {
// 监听这个队列
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_direct01")
public void receive02(Object msg){
log.info("queue_direct01:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_direct02")
public void receive03(Object msg){
log.info("queue_direct02 :"+msg);
}
}
测试
@RequestMapping("/direct")
@ResponseBody
public void mq01(){
mqSender.send02("hello+red");
mqSender.send03("hello+green");
}
运行结果:
看到管控台可以看到,对应的交换机,队列,和队列对应的key
三、topic
*只能替代1个词
#可以替代0个或多个词、
可以说是 direct模式的延申,方便我们管理路由key
所有发送到主机交换机的消息都会被转发到所有的路由ley中,所指定的topic的queue上去, 交换机会将路由key和topic模糊匹配,此时,队列需要绑定一个topic
RabbitMQConfig.java
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
private static final String QUEUE01 = "queue_topic01";
private static final String QUEUE02 = "queue_topic02";
private static final String EXCHANGE = "topicExchange";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY01 = "#.queue.#";
private static final String ROUTINGKEY02 = "*.queue.#";
@Bean
public Queue queue01(){
return new Queue(QUEUE01);
}
@Bean
public Queue queue02(){
return new Queue(QUEUE02);
}
@Bean
public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE);
}
// 绑定队列和交换机,这种模式需要指定路由key
@Bean
public Binding binding01(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY01);
}
@Bean
public Binding binding02(){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue02()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY02);
}
}
发送消息:
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQSender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send01(Object msg){
log.info("发送消息Queue1::"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","queue.red.message",msg);
}
public void send02(Object msg){
log.info("发送消息,被queue1+queue2接收::"+msg);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","message.queue.green",msg);
}
}
接收消息
@Service
@Slf4j
public class MQReceiver {
// 监听这个队列
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_topic01")
public void receive02(Object msg){
log.info("queue_topic01:"+msg);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_topic02")
public void receive03(Object msg){
log.info("queue_topic02 :"+msg);
}
}
测试
@RequestMapping("/topic")
@ResponseBody
public void mq01(){
mqSender.send02("hello+red");
mqSender.send02("hello+green");
}
结果
和刚刚一样,可以去管控太去查看响应的交换机和队列的信息
三、Headers模式
并不依赖于路由key
whereAll() 多个键值对都要满足
whereAny() 任意一个键值对满足即
RabbitMQConfig.java
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
private static final String QUEUE01 = "queue_headers01";
private static final String QUEUE02 = "queue_headers02";
private static final String EXCHANGE = "headerExchange";
@Bean
public Queue queue01(){
return new Queue(QUEUE01);
}
@Bean
public Queue queue02(){
return new Queue(QUEUE02);
}
@Bean
public HeadersExchange headersExchange(){
return new HeadersExchange(EXCHANGE);
}
// 绑定队列和交换机,这种模式需要指定路由key
@Bean
public Binding binding01(){
Map<String , Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("color","red");
map.put("speed","low");
// 两个只需要匹配一个
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue01()).to(headersExchange()).whereAny(map).match();
}
@Bean
public Binding binding02(){
Map<String , Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("color","red");
map.put("speed","fast");
// 必须要两个同时匹配上才可以
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue02()).to(headersExchange()).whereAll(map).match();
}
}
发送消息:
public void send01(String msg){
log.info("发送两个都能接收的::"+msg);
MessageProperties properties = new MessageProperties();
properties.setHeader("color","red");
properties.setHeader("speed","fast");
Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(),properties);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("headerExchange","",message);
}
public void send02(String msg){
log.info("发送消息,queue1接收::"+msg);
MessageProperties properties = new MessageProperties();
properties.setHeader("color","red");
properties.setHeader("speed","normal");
Message message = new Message(msg.getBytes(),properties);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("headerExchange","",message);
}
接收消息:
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_headers01")
public void receive01(Message message){
log.info("queue01接收Message对象:"+message);
log.info("queue01接收消息:"+ new String(message.getBody()));
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue_headers02")
public void receive02(Message message){
log.info("queue02接收Message对象:"+message);
log.info("queue02接收消息:"+ new String(message.getBody()));
}
测试:
@RequestMapping("/direct")
@ResponseBody
public void mq01(){
mqSender.send01("王萌虎");
mqSender.send02("wangmenghu");
}
结果: