OpenSSH创建秘钥的4种格式以及git多秘钥配置

一. OpenSSH秘钥的4种格式

秘钥分公钥和私钥各有两个格式分别是：

1）标准私钥使用默认命名为id_rsa，格式如下：

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEogIBAAKCAQEAgcrGZrk9Jw1UeevJ9/LitE7Ovl/zJcObPlV4l52bPFLTvRBn
mirrTyVX8xMzS7TXID4WeK2/lGQtZXJ7Z8/Op6MHNrpHZZUkaCpJX1GMhkEcA20Z
kzMjCZnRPBt1BEAsKRIHjq7/ZxvSzd/Ip7hsLtrlO+28CCl0LWfw6NQympjdO34H
fHt43Y7DtUU7ABHy9udKoyE6m85vQjLJba5bt2ym2uDsa+FZZ5sXTROSU0m6qV8+
JoGSeQ3tq/MoeGO23bcYbG3trCgy8TXLB4ySUlrZHFrrhQUGA7nzZ8J4pkmo16sF
4rGz3/FjoF2PbU/kyIMNR7oytueO3YiW1al8gwIBJQKCAQBJqnCbKt2E3g1Z9Idj
NtOycer2bc8xG/4qTC+v/4Gexznn2ODa9cPS+YTxvsoWNjToyUsGORm1FkNHan1k
bwaWfx/FHZ4k5fIRm3XAemSDjLzfWZjk19WdqlQpCKoy2FBqVldQ+4oKFrXqeBfw
fW3VZ3sv2fUZY6LNqbI+9PogY8L7/ctQO4C2/0Y/oVMLZtyxeFcGwwFaVZY7H/Fg
zGWlHtn+0N6JXePsahwaFwcLcDJtIjs3ab0jkiHn9fNqEhIY7W+rk3QC0+kDVtvS
IWVp6qGZQrFiSaWCSrU9mOcOSS8yU9u6Lis76FpsvypSfKB6WDXHYtJBa5nnAHBS
7I+1AoGBAO27oxm0MrtA6O0ncxolrjG8eUBbaeC9w0hcmI7Kl3w5gA7yxMlg11g3
rpKrkFn3rn9K9u6gv+gy1VnUCtZC/6J4XXJ7gwkkN9kbjYrEJznz93oPYZlR/kfm
ROgF9wmJalbjsnu0Gg42xoQVucusr9gyJg1ftouBjQ/vP0ZmTwU9AoGBAIvD3tC0
07ZB1+DgwhShurZK4yfOFqCgaCplDJ2K01D5eUiU3OQZAw4VerSkTnUWsPrnRGEX
7vuBdA72EmhjH6teAHN5eWFGARSfAwYaTxNm0inywMRVF0UrtHa4UFHrUi+PG6WF
CVl8kX0sj+bmJf4H8lgCnq6ptUsytkFjWCS/CoGBAICBGeRhZ4fQDzQVUvlgedWx
/Fojky1fp9QWYE0vPSCNyK4iXIiHX6VOh+CUFq0r757AvNQD3VrrC4qAdI99nvAJ
tfixd0M2LAanHBOoTI4HVVa8NMGUGr8Ur6ADOWzwVSgMYHo31ruTOt+dCnvupD2C
5CLnoPF2dcNskOfImWqdAoGAVuGKgbyDms770Ppqzo4MR82vzKK0Hqjmzj7QfZt8
cJsUCoYMxSROAdYAKxoHQd2sSPCgIK4DQmU6Tn1JtoLOf0hFeDbBEvQqL2nDnAKE
LqezEygyo47XHSkBejs42PoQfm23PWCJRXbyp8HBPIE6NiCdkKeuv5ntPJUlL5DI
FtcCgYEAmOY+ABE2VAeLKJ4RouCKjLONeSJNKCCtK1rvXk4J9JIqaI6PBtb49AZb
NX3XYcXmXx3X3LFiZRupV6qxAZqjDYoXlHw96yphm7q4mp9HGfN5zdKQjJhmGJUs
+E5N7Y2oeNhnkthtnrZV9SDrNZkaxrjQ7NF0Iu8fYAi6z51Jbh0=
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

2）标准公钥使用默认命名为id_rsa.pub，格式如下：

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEAgcrGZrk9Jw1UeevJ9/LitE7Ovl/zJcObPlV4l52bPFLTvRBnmirrTyVX8xMzS7TXID4WeK2/lGQtZXJ7Z8/Op6MHNrpHZZUkaCpJX1GMhkEcA20ZkzMjCZnRPBt1BEAsKRIHjq7/ZxvSzd/Ip7hsLtrlO+28CCl0LWfw6NQympjdO34HfHt43Y7DtUU7ABHy9udKoyE6m85vQjLJba5bt2ym2uDsa+FZZ5sXTROSU0m6qV8+JoGSeQ3tq/NoeGO23bcYbG3trCgy8TXLC4ySUlrZHFrrhQUGA7nzZ8J4pkmo16sF4rGz3/FjoF2PbU/kyIMNR7oytueO3YiW1al8gw== wzhxyx@gmail.com

3) OpenSSH默认私钥格式*.ppk。 格式如下：

PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa
Encryption: none
Comment: wzhxyx@gmail.com
Public-Lines: 6
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEAgcrGZrk9Jw1UeevJ9/LitE7Ovl/zJcObPlV4
l52bPFLTvRBnmirrTyVX8xMzS7TXID4WeK2/lGQtZXJ7Z8/Op6MHNrpHZZUkaCpJ
X1GMhkEcA20ZkzMjCZnRPBt1BEAsKRIHjq7/ZxvSzd/Ip7hsLtrlO+28CCl0LWfw
6NQympjdO34HfHt43Y7DtUU7ABHy9udKoyE6m85vQjLJba5bt2ym2uDsa+FZZ5sX
TROSU0m6qV8+JoGSeQ3tq/NoeGO23bcYbG3trCgy8TXLB4ySUlrZHFrrhQUGA7nz
Z8J4pkmo16sF4rGz3/FjoF2PbU/kyIMNR7oytueO3YiW1al8gw==
Private-Lines: 14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Private-MAC: 38e0a0255e5625f17a32878f03bbaad819f3bb99

4） OpenSSH默认公钥格式*.pub。 格式如下：

---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
Comment: "wzhxyx@gmail.com"
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEAgcrGZrk9Jw1UeevJ9/LitE7Ovl/zJcObPlV4
l52bPFLTvRBnmirrTyVX8xMzS7TXID4WeK2/lGQtZXJ7Z8/Op6MHNrpHZZUkaCpJ
X1GMhkEcA20ZkzMjCZnRPBt1BEAsKRIHjq7/ZxvSzd/Ip7hsLtrlO+28CCl0LWfw
6NQympjdO34HfHt43Y7DtUU7ABHy9udKoyE6m85vQjLJba5bt2ym2uDsa+FZZ5sX
TROSU0m6qV8+JoGSeQ3tq/NoeGO23bcYbG3trCgy8TXLB4ySUlrZHFrrhQUGA7nz
Z8J4pkmo16sF4rGz3/FjoF2PbU/kyIMNR7oytueO3YiW1al8gw==
---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----

二. git多秘钥配置

以上只有id_rsa.pub格式才能用于设置git仓库。在设置完代码仓库以后，本地还需要配置对应的私钥，Windows可以用代理工具Pagent添加*.ppk拉取代码，也可以通过配置SSH的config文件，实现git多秘钥配置。具体配置如下：

Host github
HostName github.com
User Fred
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile /C/Users/zhihao/.ssh/id_rsa_gmail

Host 192.168.1.200
HostName 192.168.1.200
User zhihao.wang
PreferredAuthentications publickey
IdentityFile /C/Users/zhihao/.ssh/id_rsa_company
IdentitiesOnly yes