1,文件上传
SpringMVC 中对文件上传做了封装,我们可以更加方便的实现文件上传。从 Spring3.1 开始,对于文件上传,提供了两个处理器:
CommonsMultipartResolver (老版本)
StandardServletMultipartResolver(新版本)
第一个处理器兼容性较好,可以兼容 Servlet3.0 之前的版本,但是它依赖了 commons-fileupload 这个第三方工具,所以如果使用这个,一定要添加 commons-fileupload 依赖。
第二个处理器兼容性较差,它适用于 Servlet3.0 之后的版本,它不依赖第三方工具,使用它,可以直接做文件上传。
2,老版本文件上传(CommonsMultipartResolver)
2.1 配置maven
使用 CommonsMultipartResolver 做文件上传,需要首先添加 commons-fileupload 依赖,如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
2.2 配置 MultipartResolver
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver"/>
在 SpringMVC 的配置文件(spring-servlet.xml)中,配置 MultipartResolver:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--处理文件上传的配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver"/>
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>
<!-- 提供Controller请求转发,json自动转换等功能-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
这个 Bean 一定要有 id,并且 id 必须是 multipartResolver
2.3 创建 fileUpload.jsp 页面:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: admin
Date: 2023/1/12
Time: 16:14
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/file/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.4 完成 FileController
package com.study.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("/yyyy/MM/dd/");
//用来跳转页面
@RequestMapping("/file")
public ModelAndView addBook() {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("fileUpload");
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/upload")
@ResponseBody
public String upload(MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest req) {
String format = sdf.format(new Date());
String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img") + format;
File folder = new File(realPath);
if (!folder.exists()) {
folder.mkdirs();
}
String oldName = file.getOriginalFilename();
String newName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
try {
file.transferTo(new File(folder, newName));
String url = req.getScheme() + "://" + req.getServerName() + ":" + req.getServerPort() + "/img" + format + newName;
System.out.println("url:"+url);
return url;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "failed";
}
}
这里还有一个小问题,在 SpringMVC 中,静态资源默认都是被自动拦截的,无法访问,意味着上传成功的图片无法访问,因此,还需要我们在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中,再添加如下配置:
<mvc:resources mapping="/**" location="/"/>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--处理文件上传的配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver"/>
<!-- 配置静态资源访问目录-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/**" location="/"/>
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>
<!-- 提供Controller请求转发,json自动转换等功能-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
完成之后,就可以访问 jsp 页面,做文件上传了。
2.5 其他配置
当然,默认的配置不一定满足我们的需求,我们还可以自己手动配置文件上传大小等:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
<!--默认的编码-->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<!--上传的总文件大小-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="1048576"/>
<!--上传的单个文件大小-->
<property name="maxUploadSizePerFile" value="1048576"/>
<!--内存中最大的数据量,超过这个数据量,数据就要开始往硬盘中写了-->
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="4096"/>
<!--临时目录,超过 maxInMemorySize 配置的大小后,数据开始往临时目录写,等全部上传完成后,再将数据合并到正式的文件上传目录-->
<property name="uploadTempDir" value="file:///E:\\tmp"/>
</bean>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 配置静态资源访问目录-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/**" location="/"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
<!--默认的编码-->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<!--上传的总文件大小-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="1048576"/>
<!--上传的单个文件大小-->
<property name="maxUploadSizePerFile" value="1048576"/>
<!--内存中最大的数据量,超过这个数据量,数据就要开始往硬盘中写了-->
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="4096"/>
<!--临时目录,超过 maxInMemorySize 配置的大小后,数据开始往临时目录写,等全部上传完成后,再将数据合并到正式的文件上传目录-->
<property name="uploadTempDir" value="file:///E:\\tmp"/>
</bean>
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>
<!-- 提供Controller请求转发,json自动转换等功能-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.6 案例展示
3,新版本文件上传(StandardServletMultipartResolver)
这种文件上传方式,不需要依赖第三方 jar(主要是不需要添加 commons-fileupload 这个依赖),但是也不支持 Servlet3.0 之前的版本。
3.1,修改spring-servlet.xml
使用 StandardServletMultipartResolver ,那我们首先在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中,配置这个 Bean:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
</bean>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 配置静态资源访问目录-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/**" location="/"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
</bean>
<!--配置扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study" use-default-filters="false">
<!--只扫描controller-->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.study"/>
<!-- 提供Controller请求转发,json自动转换等功能-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="viewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
注意,这里 Bean 的名字依然叫 multipartResolver
3.2,修改web.xml
配置完成后,注意,这个 Bean 无法直接配置上传文件大小等限制。需要在 web.xml 中进行配置(这里,即使不需要限制文件上传大小,也需要在 web.xml 中配置 multipart-config):
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<multipart-config>
<!--文件保存的临时目录,这个目录系统不会主动创建-->
<location>E:\\temp</location>
<!--上传的单个文件大小-->
<max-file-size>1048576</max-file-size>
<!--上传的总文件大小-->
<max-request-size>1048576</max-request-size>
<!--这个就是内存中保存的文件最大大小-->
<file-size-threshold>4096</file-size-threshold>
</multipart-config>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
配置完成后,就可以测试文件上传了,测试方式和上面一样。
3.3 案例展示
4,多文件上传
多文件上传分为两种,一种是 key 相同的文件,另一种是 key 不同的文件。
4.1 key 相同的文件
4.1.1 修改 fileUpload.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: admin
Date: 2023/1/12
Time: 16:14
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/file/upload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="files" multiple>
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
</body>
</html>
4.1.2 修改 FileController
package com.study.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("/yyyy/MM/dd/");
//用来跳转页面
@RequestMapping("/file")
public ModelAndView addBook() {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("fileUpload");
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
@ResponseBody
public void upload2(MultipartFile[] files, HttpServletRequest req) {
String format = sdf.format(new Date());
String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img") + format;
File folder = new File(realPath);
if (!folder.exists()) {
folder.mkdirs();
}
try {
for (MultipartFile file : files) {
String oldName = file.getOriginalFilename();
String newName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
file.transferTo(new File(folder, newName));
String url = req.getScheme() + "://" + req.getServerName() + ":" + req.getServerPort() + "/img" + format + newName;
System.out.println(url);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.1.3 案例展示
4.2 key 不同的文件
4.2.1 修改 fileUpload.jsp
<form action="/file/upload3" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file1">
<input type="file" name="file2">
<input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>
4.2.2 修改 FileController
package com.study.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("/yyyy/MM/dd/");
//用来跳转页面
@RequestMapping("/file")
public ModelAndView addBook() {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("fileUpload");
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping("/upload3")
@ResponseBody
public void upload3(MultipartFile file1, MultipartFile file2, HttpServletRequest req) {
String format = sdf.format(new Date());
String realPath = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/img") + format;
File folder = new File(realPath);
if (!folder.exists()) {
folder.mkdirs();
}
try {
String oldName = file1.getOriginalFilename();
String newName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
file1.transferTo(new File(folder, newName));
String url1 = req.getScheme() + "://" + req.getServerName() + ":" + req.getServerPort() + "/img" + format + newName;
System.out.println(url1);
String oldName2 = file2.getOriginalFilename();
String newName2 = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + oldName2.substring(oldName2.lastIndexOf("."));
file2.transferTo(new File(folder, newName2));
String url2 = req.getScheme() + "://" + req.getServerName() + ":" + req.getServerPort() + "/img" + format + newName2;
System.out.println(url2);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4.2.3 案例展示