Keras深度学习使用Xception预训练神经网络实现猫狗分类,测试集准确率高达0.99

Keras深度学习使用Xception预训练神经网络实现猫狗分类,测试集准确率高达0.99

前面一篇文章呢,我使用了VGG16预训练神经网络实现了一下猫狗分类的案例,即Keras深度学习使用VGG16预训练神经网络实现猫狗分类,当时的训练集准确率为0.90,而测试集的准确率为0.89。
这篇文章来使用Xception预训练神经网络来实现一下猫狗分类的案例,其结果会比VGG16更好一些。

Xception(可分离卷积)

在ImageNet上预训练的Xception V1模型,在ImageNet上,该模型取得了验证集top1 0.790和top5 0.945的准去率(第一个命中结果和前五个包含结果)。

注意该模型只支持channels_last的维度顺序(高度, 宽度, 通道)。模型默认输入尺寸是299✖️299

实现过程

本次使用Xception预训练神经网络实现猫狗图像分类的过程与VGG16实现的过程相类似,只是改变了预训练神经网络。

模型训练

首先我们需要导入所需要的包,本次训练模型呢,使用了Xception预训练网络模型,对于没有GPU加持的小伙伴众多的预训练网络模型也算是福音。即可加快模型训练速度,也可以使小批量的数据集的准确率提高很多。

import keras
import tensorflow as tf
from keras import layers
import numpy as np
import os
import shutil
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras.applications import Xception

从网上找到的猫狗数据集资源,加载猫狗数据集和划分猫狗训练(train)数据和测试(test)数据。猫狗原数据集我已上传到百度云盘,需要的文章末尾请自取。

# 创建划分好的训练测试目录
BASE_DIR = './cat_dog'
train_dir = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'train')
train_dir_dog = os.path.join(train_dir, 'dog')
train_dir_cat = os.path.join(train_dir, 'cat')

test_dir = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'test')
test_dir_dog = os.path.join(test_dir, 'dog')
test_dir_cat = os.path.join(test_dir, 'cat')
train_dir_dog, test_dir_cat

os.mkdir(BASE_DIR)
os.mkdir(train_dir)
os.mkdir(train_dir_dog)
os.mkdir(train_dir_cat)
os.mkdir(test_dir)
os.mkdir(test_dir_dog)
os.mkdir(test_dir_cat)

# 数据集拷贝
source_dir = './source_data/train'

# 拷贝1000张猫的训练集到新划分的目录
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000)]
for fname in fnames:
    s = os.path.join(source_dir, fname)
    d = os.path.join(train_dir_cat, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(s, d)

# 拷贝1000张狗的训练集到新划分的目录
fnames = ['dog.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000)]
for fname in fnames:
    s = os.path.join(source_dir, fname)
    d = os.path.join(train_dir_dog, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(s, d)

# 拷贝猫和狗测试集图片各500张,共1000张
fnames = ['dog.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000, 1500)]
for fname in fnames:
    s = os.path.join(source_dir, fname)
    d = os.path.join(test_dir_dog, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(s, d)

fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000, 1500)]
for fname in fnames:
    s = os.path.join(source_dir, fname)
    d = os.path.join(test_dir_cat, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(s, d)

建立图像数据迭代器,并将原始图像进行归一化处理

train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1 / 255)
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1 / 255)

# 训练集数据生成器,从数据目录生成,读取成200*200的统一图像resize,本质是一个二分类问题,model我们使用binary
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(train_dir, 
target_size=(200, 200), batch_size=20, class_mode='binary')

# 测试集数据
test_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(test_dir, 
target_size=(200, 200), batch_size=20, class_mode='binary')

使用Matplotlib,我们可以将图像进行输出;图像的数据呢,本质上就是三个通道的颜色数据值,即RGB值。

# [批次](批次数据集, 批次二分类结果)[批次数据集下标] --- 对应迭代器的数据格式
# 0 为猫;1 为狗  --- 二分类结果表示
plt.imshow(train_generator[0][0][0])
print(train_generator[0][1][0])

在这里插入图片描述
初始化Xception预训练神经网络;使用Xception网络,使用imageNet权重,include_top是否包含最后的全连接层和输出层,

covn_base = Xception(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, 
                     input_shape=(200,200,3))

使用summary()可以查看神经网络的结构

covn_base.summary()

Xception模型的结构:

Model: "xception"
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                   Output Shape         Param #     Connected to                     
==================================================================================================
 input_1 (InputLayer)           [(None, 200, 200, 3  0           []                               
                                )]                                                                
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv1 (Conv2D)          (None, 99, 99, 32)   864         ['input_1[0][0]']                
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv1_bn (BatchNormaliz  (None, 99, 99, 32)  128         ['block1_conv1[0][0]']           
 ation)                                                                                           
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv1_act (Activation)  (None, 99, 99, 32)   0           ['block1_conv1_bn[0][0]']        
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv2 (Conv2D)          (None, 97, 97, 64)   18432       ['block1_conv1_act[0][0]']       
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv2_bn (BatchNormaliz  (None, 97, 97, 64)  256         ['block1_conv2[0][0]']           
 ation)                                                                                           
                                                                                                  
 block1_conv2_act (Activation)  (None, 97, 97, 64)   0           ['block1_conv2_bn[0][0]']        
                                                                                                  
 block2_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 97, 97, 128)  8768       ['block1_conv2_act[0][0]']       
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block2_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 97, 97, 128)  512        ['block2_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block2_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 97, 97, 128)  0          ['block2_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block2_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 97, 97, 128)  17536      ['block2_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block2_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 97, 97, 128)  512        ['block2_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 conv2d (Conv2D)                (None, 49, 49, 128)  8192        ['block1_conv2_act[0][0]']       
                                                                                                  
 block2_pool (MaxPooling2D)     (None, 49, 49, 128)  0           ['block2_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
                                                                                                  
 batch_normalization (BatchNorm  (None, 49, 49, 128)  512        ['conv2d[0][0]']                 
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 add (Add)                      (None, 49, 49, 128)  0           ['block2_pool[0][0]',            
                                                                  'batch_normalization[0][0]']    
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 49, 49, 128)  0          ['add[0][0]']                    
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 49, 49, 256)  33920      ['block3_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 49, 49, 256)  1024       ['block3_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 49, 49, 256)  0          ['block3_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 49, 49, 256)  67840      ['block3_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block3_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 49, 49, 256)  1024       ['block3_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 conv2d_1 (Conv2D)              (None, 25, 25, 256)  32768       ['add[0][0]']                    
                                                                                                  
 block3_pool (MaxPooling2D)     (None, 25, 25, 256)  0           ['block3_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
                                                                                                  
 batch_normalization_1 (BatchNo  (None, 25, 25, 256)  1024       ['conv2d_1[0][0]']               
 rmalization)                                                                                     
                                                                                                  
 add_1 (Add)                    (None, 25, 25, 256)  0           ['block3_pool[0][0]',            
                                                                  'batch_normalization_1[0][0]']  
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 25, 25, 256)  0          ['add_1[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 25, 25, 728)  188672     ['block4_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 25, 25, 728)  2912       ['block4_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 25, 25, 728)  0          ['block4_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 25, 25, 728)  536536     ['block4_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block4_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 25, 25, 728)  2912       ['block4_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 conv2d_2 (Conv2D)              (None, 13, 13, 728)  186368      ['add_1[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block4_pool (MaxPooling2D)     (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block4_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
                                                                                                  
 batch_normalization_2 (BatchNo  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['conv2d_2[0][0]']               
 rmalization)                                                                                     
                                                                                                  
 add_2 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block4_pool[0][0]',            
                                                                  'batch_normalization_2[0][0]']  
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_2[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block5_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block5_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block5_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block5_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block5_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv3_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block5_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv3 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block5_sepconv3_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block5_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block5_sepconv3[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 add_3 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block5_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',     
                                                                  'add_2[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_3[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block6_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block6_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block6_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block6_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block6_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv3_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block6_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv3 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block6_sepconv3_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block6_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block6_sepconv3[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 add_4 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block6_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',     
                                                                  'add_3[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_4[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block7_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block7_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block7_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block7_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block7_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv3_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block7_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv3 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block7_sepconv3_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block7_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block7_sepconv3[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 add_5 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block7_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',     
                                                                  'add_4[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_5[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block8_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block8_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block8_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block8_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block8_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv3_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block8_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv3 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block8_sepconv3_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block8_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block8_sepconv3[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 add_6 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block8_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',     
                                                                  'add_5[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv1_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_6[0][0]']                  
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv1 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block9_sepconv1_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block9_sepconv1[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv2_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block9_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv2 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block9_sepconv2_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block9_sepconv2[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv3_act (Activatio  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block9_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']     
 n)                                                                                               
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv3 (SeparableConv  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block9_sepconv3_act[0][0]']    
 2D)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block9_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorma  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block9_sepconv3[0][0]']        
 lization)                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
 add_7 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block9_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',     
                                                                  'add_6[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv1_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_7[0][0]']                  
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv1 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block10_sepconv1_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block10_sepconv1[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv2_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block10_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv2 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block10_sepconv2_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block10_sepconv2[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv3_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block10_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv3 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block10_sepconv3_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block10_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block10_sepconv3[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 add_8 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block10_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',    
                                                                  'add_7[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv1_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_8[0][0]']                  
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv1 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block11_sepconv1_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block11_sepconv1[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv2_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block11_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv2 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block11_sepconv2_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block11_sepconv2[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv3_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block11_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv3 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block11_sepconv3_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block11_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block11_sepconv3[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 add_9 (Add)                    (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block11_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',    
                                                                  'add_8[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv1_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_9[0][0]']                  
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv1 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block12_sepconv1_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block12_sepconv1[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv2_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block12_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv2 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block12_sepconv2_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block12_sepconv2[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv3_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block12_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv3 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block12_sepconv3_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block12_sepconv3_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block12_sepconv3[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 add_10 (Add)                   (None, 13, 13, 728)  0           ['block12_sepconv3_bn[0][0]',    
                                                                  'add_9[0][0]']                  
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv1_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['add_10[0][0]']                 
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv1 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 728)  536536     ['block13_sepconv1_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 728)  2912       ['block13_sepconv1[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv2_act (Activati  (None, 13, 13, 728)  0          ['block13_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv2 (SeparableCon  (None, 13, 13, 1024  752024     ['block13_sepconv2_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                           )                                                                 
                                                                                                  
 block13_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 13, 13, 1024  4096       ['block13_sepconv2[0][0]']       
 alization)                     )                                                                 
                                                                                                  
 conv2d_3 (Conv2D)              (None, 7, 7, 1024)   745472      ['add_10[0][0]']                 
                                                                                                  
 block13_pool (MaxPooling2D)    (None, 7, 7, 1024)   0           ['block13_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']    
                                                                                                  
 batch_normalization_3 (BatchNo  (None, 7, 7, 1024)  4096        ['conv2d_3[0][0]']               
 rmalization)                                                                                     
                                                                                                  
 add_11 (Add)                   (None, 7, 7, 1024)   0           ['block13_pool[0][0]',           
                                                                  'batch_normalization_3[0][0]']  
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv1 (SeparableCon  (None, 7, 7, 1536)  1582080     ['add_11[0][0]']                 
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv1_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 7, 7, 1536)  6144        ['block14_sepconv1[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv1_act (Activati  (None, 7, 7, 1536)  0           ['block14_sepconv1_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv2 (SeparableCon  (None, 7, 7, 2048)  3159552     ['block14_sepconv1_act[0][0]']   
 v2D)                                                                                             
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv2_bn (BatchNorm  (None, 7, 7, 2048)  8192        ['block14_sepconv2[0][0]']       
 alization)                                                                                       
                                                                                                  
 block14_sepconv2_act (Activati  (None, 7, 7, 2048)  0           ['block14_sepconv2_bn[0][0]']    
 on)                                                                                              
                                                                                                  
==================================================================================================
Total params: 20,861,480
Trainable params: 20,806,952
Non-trainable params: 54,528
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

使用Xception网络把图片的特征值提取出来,在放入线性网络中进行训练,以提高速度

batch_size = 20
def extract_features(data_generator, sample_count):
    i = 0
    features = np.zeros(shape=(sample_count, 7, 7, 2048))
    labels = np.zeros(shape=(sample_count))
    for inputs_batch, labels_batch in data_generator:
        features_batch = covn_base.predict(inputs_batch)
        features[i * batch_size : (i+1)*batch_size] = features_batch
        labels[i*batch_size:(i+1)*batch_size] = labels_batch
        i+=1
        if i * batch_size >= sample_count:
            break
    return features, labels

train_featrues, train_labels = extract_features(train_generator, 2000)
test_featrues, test_labels = extract_features(test_generator, 1000)

搭建自己模型的全连接Dense层,对结果进行输出;使用GlobalAveragePooling2D对Xception处理的图像数据进行扁平化处理(即变成一维数据),最终归结为y=w1x1+w2x2…+b的问题,对结果进行输出;使用relu激活函数;使用Dropout抑制过拟合;最后输出结果,因为结果为二分类,即0为猫,1为狗。故输出结果只有一个,所以使用sigmoid函数进行二分类结果的输出。

model = keras.Sequential()
model.add(layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D(input_shape=(7, 7, 2048)))
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.7))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))

编译模型;使用Adam激活函数,并调整优化速率;因为是二分类问题,所以这里损失函数使用binary_crossentropy

model.compile(optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(lr=0.0005/10), loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['acc'])

开始训练模型;在训练时对测试集进行测试,这里共训练50次

history = model.fit(train_featrues,train_labels, epochs=50, batch_size=50, validation_data=(test_featrues, test_labels))

以下为训练结果。其中loss为训练集损失值,acc为训练集准确率;val_loss为测试集损失值,val_acc为测试集准确率。可以看到结果还是比较理想的,其训练集和测试集的准确率均能达到99%左右,而且拟合的很好。
在这里插入图片描述
使用Matplotlib绘制以下训练集和测试集的准确率曲线,可以更清晰的看出,训练过程的变化。

plt.plot(range(50), history.history.get('val_acc'), c='r', label='val_acc')
plt.plot(range(50), history.history.get('acc'), c='b', label='acc')
plt.legend

在这里插入图片描述
将训练好的模型保存为本地的h5类型文件

model.save('cat_dog_model.h5')

以上训练过程完毕,接下来使用保存训练好的模型对真实数据进行测试

模型测试

在模型测试中,为了方便,我们借助OpenCV,来帮我们将网络上获取的图片进行resize处理和方便展示输出结果。
导入所需要的包。

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from keras.models import load_model
import cv2

定义OpenCV图像展示函数

def show(image):
    cv2.namedWindow('test', 0)
    cv2.imshow('test', image)
    # 0任意键终止窗口
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

加载Xception的权重以及保存的训练模型

covn_base = tf.keras.applications.Xception(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(200, 200, 3))
cat_dog_model = load_model('./cat_dog_model.h5')

使用OpenCV读取图片,并将图片resize为200✖️200的大小,将图像数据扩展为Xception所需要的数据格式

image = cv2.imread('cat1.jpeg')
resize_image = cv2.resize(image, (200, 200), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
input_data = np.expand_dims(resize_image, axis=0)

分别使用Xception和自己训练好的模型对图像进行predict预测

result = int(cat_dog_model.predict(covn_base.predict(input_data))[0][0])

输出识别结果,并展示输入图像

if result == 1:
    print("狗")
if result == 0:
    print("猫")
show(resize_image)

可以看到以下为识别的结果,猫,准确无误
在这里插入图片描述
识别狗的图像,结果准确无误
在这里插入图片描述

文章到此结束,这个案例就算是出入Keras深度学习的小试牛刀,希望同样可以作为大家初入深度学习的小案例之一。

猫狗数据集百度网盘链接

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/16K4P5Nb1k5_sfFml-qEF2g 提取码: mchl

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