Docker之网络模式和数据卷

目录

引言

一、Docker的网络模式

1、Docker的四种网络模式

2、Docker的自定义网络

二、Docker的数据卷

1、数据卷

2、数据卷容器

3、容器互联（使用centos镜像)

总结

---

引言

介绍关于Docker的四种网络模式以及实现容器之间的共享。

一、Docker的网络模式

1、Docker的四种网络模式

（1）Host：与宿主机共享网络名称空间/网络协议栈，IP共享和端口范围的共享；

（2）Container：多个容器之间共享一个network namespaces，多个容器共用一个IP和端口范围；

（3）None：自闭空间，无网卡和无需网络连接；

（4）Bridge：桥接是默认模式，在不指定网络模式的情况下创建容器，默认使用此模式，通过Veth对，连接容器与docker0网桥，网桥分配给容器IP，同事docker0作为“局域网”内容器的网关，最后和宿主机网卡进行通讯，同时，通过iptables规则，将容器IP/port映射出去，用于与宿主机网卡交互。

2、Docker的自定义网络

（1）查看网络列表

root@docker ~]# docker network ls

 （2）查看容器IP

docker inspect  镜像id

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    ea335eea17ab   9 days ago     141MB
nginx        lnmp      ea335eea17ab   9 days ago     141MB
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   2 months ago   204MB
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect ea335eea17ab
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:ea335eea17ab984571cd4a3bcf90a0413773b559c75ef4cda07d0ce952b00291",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx:latest",
            "nginx:lnmp"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "nginx@sha256:097c3a0913d7e3a5b01b6c685a60c03632fc7a2b50bc8e35bcaa3691d788226e"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-11-17T10:38:14.652464384Z",
        "Container": "8a038ff17987cf87d4b7d7e2c80cb83bd2474d66e2dd0719e2b4f7de2ad6d853",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "8a038ff17987",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.4",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.0",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:2fb4060b053a39040c51ff7eadd30325de2c76650fc50aa42839070e16e8bdcb",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.4",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.0",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:2fb4060b053a39040c51ff7eadd30325de2c76650fc50aa42839070e16e8bdcb",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 141490847,
        "VirtualSize": 141490847,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/745f3000efcdb513b3dbac2b839941056038b7f6759ec9a2f1cd8a1aed465b8e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9022910
ea297653435a20b75e9ca05e17337f3585aac3bf3ed3d12d60f6ff886/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cbc359dabe146feb99d59e076e525399610ec55df1dc17259776cd6c1b4c772e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/35706655061ed79100c98027d8e317c1d5befcff36bed2bdf1893e2687a314ac/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c98f1d427d324d8cd7f92b5262ca2bad03557a1db27bf8a52ac4a9a83924210e/diff",                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41129afe9dbf4c934fbf1a8855d2c6a11ea012848c0c50693442e0822e1b8a7f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41129afe9dbf4c934fbf1a8855d2c6a11ea012848c0c50693442e0822e1b8a7f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41129afe9dbf4c934fbf1a8855d2c6a11ea012848c0c50693442e0822e1b8a7f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:e1bbcf243d0e7387fbfe5116a485426f90d3ddeb0b1738dca4e3502b6743b325",
                "sha256:37380c5830feb5d6829188be41a4ea0654eb5c4632f03ef093ecc182acf40e8a",
                "sha256:ff4c727794302b5a0ee4dadfaac8d1233950ce9a07d76eb3b498efa70b7517e4",
                "sha256:49eeddd2150fbd14433ec1f01dbf6b23ea6cf581a50635554826ad93ce040b68",
                "sha256:1e8ad06c81b6baf629988756d90fd27c14285da4d9bf57179570febddc492087",
                "sha256:8525cde30b227bb5b03deb41bda41deb85d740b834be61a69ead59d840f07c13"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "2021-11-25T11:11:55.855864227+08:00"
        }
    }
]

（3）自定义网络固定IP

先自定义网络模式，创建172.18.0.0/16的网段
[root@docker ~]# docker network create --subnet=172.18.0.0/16 mynetwork

网络模式内加入指定的ip地址
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name test1 --net mynetwork --ip 172.18.0.10 centos:latest /bin/bash
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect test1

（4）端口映射

docker run -d -P httpd:centos7
docker run -d -p 49280:80 httpd:centos7

二、Docker的数据卷

1、数据卷

将宿主机目录/var/www挂载到容器中的/data1上
docker run -v /var/www:/data1 --name test -it centos:7 /bin/bash
cd /data1/
touch test1111
#返回宿主机进行查看
ls /var/www/

2、数据卷容器

#数据卷容器
docker run --name juan -v /data1 -v /data2 -it centos:7 /bin/bash
#新容器挂载数据卷容器
docker run -it --volumes-from juan --name test2 centos:7 /bin/bash

3、容器互联（使用centos镜像)

#创建并运行容器取名web1,端口号自动映射
docker run -itd -P --name web1 centos:7 /bin/bash
#创建并运行容器取名web2，链接到web1和其通信进web2容器 ping web1
docker run -itd -P --name web2 --link web1:web1 centos:7 /bin/bash

总结

1、Docker的网络模式：Host模式，Container模式，None模式，Bridge模式；

2、数据卷容器：让两个容器实现数据共享。