Python每日一练0017

问题

你有一些长字符串，想以指定的列宽将它们重新格式化。

解决方案

使用textwrap模块的fill或wrap函数

假设有一个很长的字符串

s = "Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the eyes, \
the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the eyes, \
look into my eyes, you're under."

如果直接输出的话，可读性会比较差

>>> print(s)
Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the eyes, the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the eyes, look into my eyes, you're under.

我们可以使用fill函数来将这个长字符串自动切分为若干短字符串，只需要指定width即可

>>> print(textwrap.fill(s, width=60))
Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the eyes,
the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the eyes,
look into my eyes, you're under.

也可以使用wrap函数，但是效果是一样的，只不过wrap函数返回的是一个列表而不是字符串

我们也可以指定其他一些参数比如initial_indent来设置段落的缩进，更多参数见讨论部分的链接

>>> print(textwrap.fill(s, width=60, initial_indent='    '))
    Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the
eyes, the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the
eyes, look into my eyes, you're under.

讨论

如果希望能匹配终端的大小的话，我们可以使用os.get_terminal_size()来得到终端的宽度，然后传给width

>>> textwrap.fill(s, width=os.get_terminal_size().columns)

此外，当我们需要格式化的次数很多时，更高效的方法是先创建一个TextWrapper对象，设置好width、initial_indent等等参数，然后再调用fill或者wrap方法

>>> wrap = textwrap.TextWrapper(width=60, initial_indent='    ')
>>> print(wrap.fill(s))
    Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the
eyes, the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the
eyes, look into my eyes, you're under.

关于TextWrapper的其他参数见：

https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html

来源

Python Cookbook

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