MPI 每个rank依次往下一个rank发送消息的循环

https://www.sharcnet.ca/help/index.php/Getting_Started_with_MPI

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <mpi.h>
 
 #define BUFMAX 81
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
     char outbuf[BUFMAX], inbuf[BUFMAX];
     int rank, size;
     int sendto, recvfrom;
     MPI_Status status;
 
 
     MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
     MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
     MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
 
     sprintf(outbuf, "Hello, world! from process %d of %d", rank, size);
 
     sendto = (rank + 1) % size;
     recvfrom = ((rank + size) - 1) % size;
 
     MPI_Send(outbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, sendto, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
     MPI_Recv(inbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, recvfrom, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
 
     printf("[P_%d] process %d said: \"%s\"]\n", rank, recvfrom, inbuf);
 
     MPI_Finalize();
 
     return(0);
 }

上面的实现之所有没有死锁是依赖于数据传输的中间buffer，也就是写的时候直接写到buffer，不需要等到接收端的回应，代码是可以正确运行的，但是他的实现是并不是完全依赖MPI的标准，下面给出一个MPI 安全的例子

#include <stdio.h>
#include <mpi.h>
 
#define BUFMAX 81
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char outbuf[BUFMAX], inbuf[BUFMAX];
    int rank, size;
    int sendto, recvfrom;
    MPI_Status status;
 
 
    MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
    MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
    MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
 
    sprintf(outbuf, "Hello, world! from process %d of %d", rank, size);
 
    sendto = (rank + 1) % size;
    recvfrom = ((rank + size) - 1) % size;
 
    if (!(rank % 2))
    {
        MPI_Send(outbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, sendto, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
        MPI_Recv(inbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, recvfrom, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
    }
    else
    {
        MPI_Recv(inbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, recvfrom, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD, &status);
        MPI_Send(outbuf, BUFMAX, MPI_CHAR, sendto, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
    }
 
    printf("[P_%d] process %d said: \"%s\"]\n", rank, recvfrom, inbuf);
 
    MPI_Finalize();
 
    return(0);
}

这个例子和上面的最大的不同就是根据rank分成两组，这两组的接收和发送的顺序是刚好相反的，这样如果没有buffer，一样可以正确的得到结果，因此是安全的。