文章目录
二叉树层序遍历
102.二叉树的层序遍历
题目描述
思路分析
队列先进先出,符合一层一层遍历的逻辑,而是用栈先进后出适合模拟深度优先遍历也就是递归的逻辑。
而这种层序遍历方式就是图论中的广度优先遍历,只不过我们应用在二叉树上。
代码
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != NULL) que.push(root);
vector<vector<int>> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
vector<int> vec;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
vec.push_back(node->val);
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
result.push_back(vec);
}
return result;
}
};
递归法
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
void order(TreeNode* cur, vector<vector<int>>& result, int depth) {
if (cur == nullptr) return;
if (result.size() == depth) result.push_back(vector<int>());
result[depth].push_back(cur->val);
order(cur->left, result, depth + 1);
order(cur->right, result, depth + 1);
}
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
vector<vector<int>> result;
int depth = 0;
order(root, result, depth);
return result;
}
};
107. 二叉树的层序遍历 II
以下都可以用上面的思路解题,逻辑大致相似
题目链接
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrderBottom(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
vector<vector<int>> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
vector<int> vec;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
vec.push_back(node->val);
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
result.push_back(vec);
}
reverse(result.begin(),result.end());
return result;
}
};
199. 二叉树的右视图
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> rightSideView(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
vector<int> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
if (i == size - 1) result.push_back(node->val);
}
}
return result;
}
};
637. 二叉树的层平均值
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<double> averageOfLevels(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
vector<double> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
double sum = 0;
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
sum += node->val;
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
result.push_back(sum / size);
}
return result;
}
};
429. N 叉树的层序遍历
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:
int val;
vector<Node*> children;
Node() {}
Node(int _val) {
val = _val;
}
Node(int _val, vector<Node*> _children) {
val = _val;
children = _children;
}
};
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node* root) {
queue<Node*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
vector<vector<int>> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
vector<int> vec;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
Node* node = que.front();
que.pop();
vec.push_back(node->val);
for (Node* chil : node->children){
que.push(chil);
}
}
result.push_back(vec);
}
return result;
}
};
515. 在每个树行中找最大值
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> largestValues(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
vector<int> result;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
int maxValue = INT_MIN;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
maxValue = max(maxValue,node->val);
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
result.push_back(maxValue);
}
return result;
}
};
116.填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:
int val;
Node* left;
Node* right;
Node* next;
Node() : val(0), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val) : val(_val), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next)
: val(_val), left(_left), right(_right), next(_next) {}
};
*/
class Solution {
public:
Node* connect(Node* root) {
queue<Node*> que;
if (root != NULL) que.push(root);
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
Node* cur = que.front();
que.pop();
if (i < size - 1) {
cur->next = que.front();
}
if (cur->left) que.push(cur->left);
if (cur->right) que.push(cur->right);
}
}
return root;
}
};
117. 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针 II
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:
int val;
Node* left;
Node* right;
Node* next;
Node() : val(0), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val) : val(_val), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next)
: val(_val), left(_left), right(_right), next(_next) {}
};
*/
class Solution {
public:
Node* connect(Node* root) {
queue<Node*> que;
if (root != NULL) que.push(root);
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size;i++) {
Node* node = que.front();
que.pop();
if (i < size - 1) {
node->next = que.front();
}
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
}
return root;
}
};
104. 二叉树的最大深度
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
int maxDepth(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != nullptr) que.push(root);
int result = 0;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
result++;
}
return result;
}
};
111.二叉树的最小深度
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root == nullptr) return 0;
que.push(root);
int result = 1;
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
if ((!node->left) && (!node->right)) return result;
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
if (i == size - 1) result++;
}
}
return result;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
int minDepth(TreeNode *root) {
if (root == nullptr) return 0;
queue<pair<TreeNode *, int> > que;
que.emplace(root, 1);
while (!que.empty()) {
TreeNode *node = que.front().first;
int depth = que.front().second;
que.pop();
if (!node->left && !node->right) return depth;
if (node->left) que.emplace(node->left, depth + 1);
if (node->right) que.emplace(node->right, depth + 1);
}
return 0;
}
};
226.翻转二叉树
题目描述
思路分析
这道题目使用前序遍历和后序遍历都可以,唯独中序遍历不方便,因为中序遍历会把某些节点的左右孩子翻转了两次!
代码
- 递归(前序)
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == nullptr) return root;
swap(root->left, root->right);
invertTree(root->left);
invertTree(root->right);
return root;
}
};
- 广度优先遍历
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {
queue<TreeNode*> que;
if (root != NULL) que.push(root);
while (!que.empty()) {
int size = que.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
TreeNode* node = que.front();
que.pop();
swap(node->left, node->right); // 节点处理
if (node->left) que.push(node->left);
if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
}
}
return root;
}
};
- 深度优先遍历
前序
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) return root;
stack<TreeNode*> st;
st.push(root);
while (!st.empty()) {
TreeNode* node = st.top();
st.pop();
swap(node->left, node->right);
if (node->right) st.push(node->right);
if (node->left) st.push(node->left);
}
return root;
}
};
统一迭代法
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {
stack<TreeNode*> st;
if (root != nullptr) st.push(root);
while (!st.empty()) {
TreeNode* node = st.top();
if (node != NULL) {
st.pop();
if (node->right) st.push(node->right);
if (node->left) st.push(node->left);
st.push(node);
st.push(NULL);
} else {
st.pop();
node = st.top();
st.pop();
swap(node->left, node->right);
}
}
return root;
}
};
101. 对称二叉树
题目描述
思路分析
对于二叉树是否对称,要比较的是根节点的左子树与右子树是不是相互翻转的,理解这一点就知道了其实我们要比较的是两个树(这两个树是根节点的左右子树),所以在递归遍历的过程中,也是要同时遍历两棵树。
代码
- 递归法
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
bool compare(TreeNode* left, TreeNode* right) {
if (left == NULL && right != NULL) return false;
else if (left != NULL && right == NULL) return false;
else if (left == NULL && right == NULL) return true;
else if (left->val != right->val) return false;
else return compare(left->left, right->right) && compare(left->right, right->left);
}
bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) return true;
return compare(root->left, root->right);
}
};
- 迭代法
使用队列
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) return true;
queue<TreeNode*> que;
que.push(root->left);
que.push(root->right);
while (!que.empty()) {
TreeNode* leftNode = que.front(); que.pop();
TreeNode* rightNode = que.front(); que.pop();
if (!leftNode && !rightNode) continue;
if ((!leftNode) || (!rightNode) || (leftNode->val != rightNode->val)) return false;
que.push(leftNode->left);
que.push(rightNode->right);
que.push(leftNode->right);
que.push(rightNode->left);
}
return true;
}
};
使用栈
这个迭代法,其实是把左右两个子树要比较的元素顺序放进一个容器,然后成对成对的取出来进行比较,那么其实使用栈也是可以的。
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) return true;
stack<TreeNode*> st;
st.push(root->left);
st.push(root->right);
while (!st.empty()) {
TreeNode* leftNode = st.top(); st.pop();
TreeNode* rightNode = st.top(); st.pop();
if (!leftNode && !rightNode) continue;
if ((!leftNode) || (!rightNode) || (leftNode->val != rightNode->val)) return false;
st.push(leftNode->left);
st.push(rightNode->right);
st.push(leftNode->right);
st.push(rightNode->left);
}
return true;
}
};