一、消息发送接收流程
最近研究了一下RabbitMq的发送接收消息流程。其过程简言之,就是生产者直接发给Exchange,通过Exchange来进行匹配转发到队列,消费者直接监听该队列即可接收到消息。当然,这个Exchange需要在生产消息之前进行队列和路由绑定,以确定匹配规则和向哪个队列发送。比如说,生产者A要发送消息,最终要被消费者B消费,那么就要经过下面步骤:
1)A生产消息,发送给服务器端的Exchange
2)Exchange收到消息,根据ROUTINKEY,将消息转发给匹配的Queue1
3)Queue1收到消息,将消息发送给订阅者B
4)B收到消息,发送ACK给队列确认收到消息
5)Queue1收到ACK,删除队列中缓存的此条消息
二、实现SpringBoot集成RabbitMq
下面实现了SpringBoot集成RabbitMq的流程
1.增加maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.配置文件
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtualHost=/
3.config类:RabbitMqConfig
package com.wj.rabbit.config;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.DirectMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
private String host;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
private String port;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String userName;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtualHost}")
private String vitualHost;
public static final String EXCHANGE = "exchange2";
public static final String ROUTINGKEY = "spring-boot-routingKey";
//创建连接工厂
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
String adress = host+":"+port;
connectionFactory.setAddresses(adress);
connectionFactory.setUsername(userName);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(vitualHost);
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true); //必须要设置
return connectionFactory;
}
//该类可以说是Rabbit的发送工具类
@Bean
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
//必须是prototype类型
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
return template;
}
/**
* 针对消费者配置
* 1. 设置交换机类型
* 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
*
*
FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列,无routingkey的概念
HeadersExchange :通过添加属性key-value匹配
DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
*/
@Bean
public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE,false,true);
}
/* @Bean
public TopicExchange defaultExchange(){
return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE);
}*/
@Bean
public Queue queue() {
return new Queue("spring-boot-queue2", true,true,false); //队列持久(可以通过不同参数,对队列的属性进行设置,具体属性含义可以参考上一篇博文:RabbitMq学习笔记(二))
}
@Bean
public Binding binding() {//绑定
return BindingBuilder.bind(queue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitMqConfig.ROUTINGKEY);
}
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory());
container.setQueues(queue());
container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //设置确认模式为手工确认,保证消息能被消费者接收到
container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
byte[] body = message.getBody();
System.out.println("receive msg : " + new String(body));
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); //确认消息成功消费
}
});
return container;
}
}
4.消息发送类:Producer
package com.wj.rabbit.producer;
import com.wj.rabbit.config.RabbitMqConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.UUID;
@Component
public class Producer {
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/**
* 构造方法注入
*/
@Autowired
public Producer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
}
public void sendMsg(String content) {
CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.EXCHANGE, RabbitMqConfig.ROUTINGKEY, content, correlationId);
}
}
5.测试类:RabbitApplicationTests
package com.wj.rabbit;
import com.wj.rabbit.producer.Producer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Producer send;
@Test
public void send(){
for (int i = 0; i <100 ; i++) {
send.sendMsg("hello~"+i);
}
}
}
直接执行测试类中的send方法,即可实现消息的收发。同时,也可以在管理端实时监控。