Win32 SDK 学习笔记6

画笔和画刷是作图的基础,有静态的描画和利用鼠标动态画图。

一、画笔的种类和使用方法

画笔的使用和之前字体类似,首先用CreatePen()函数创建一个画笔对象,然后与设备文本绑定,同时得到旧的画笔。用完后删除新画笔,并且恢复旧画笔。画笔的种类:
- PS_SOLID:实现;
- PS_DASH:破折线;等等
vc中并不提供指定两点画线的功能,LineTo()函数从上一次画笔所在的位置作为起点,一直画到函数指定位置终止。如果要从指定位置画到另一指定位置就需要用到MoveToEx()函数。
MoveToEx()函数只移动画笔的位置,并不画线。

BOOL MoveToEx(
     HDC hdc,//HDC
     int X,//坐标
     int Y,
     LPPOINT lpPoint);//返回先前的位置
BOOL LineTo(
     HDC hdc,
     int X,
     int Y);
HPEN CreatePen(
     int fnPenstyle,
     int nWidth,
     COLORREF crColor);

利用画笔画线

HPEN hNewPen, hOldPen;

    switch(message) {
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

            hNewPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 10, 0x0000FF);
            hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hNewPen);
            MoveToEx(hdc, 100, 100, NULL);
            LineTo(hdc, 300, 100);
            DeleteObject(hNewPen);

            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            break;

二、画刷的种类和使用方法

画刷的使用和画笔相同,创建画刷有两个函数,CreateHatchBrush()函数创建带图案的画刷,而CreateSolidBrush()函数不带图案。画刷图案主要有6种,而空画刷不需要创建。

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;

    switch(message) {
        case WM_PAINT:
            hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

            DrawGr(hdc);

            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            break;

        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

int DrawGr(HDC hdc) {
    HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
    HBRUSH hBrush, hOldBrush;

    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, 0xF00000);
    hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);

    hBrush = CreateHatchBrush(HS_CROSS, 0x00F000);
    hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);

    Rectangle(hdc, 10, 10, 210, 110);
    DeleteObject(hPen);
    DeleteObject(hBrush);

    return 0;
}

三、剖析鼠标消息

WM_LBUTTONDOWN、WM_LBUTTONUP、WM_MOUSEMOVE是鼠标的三个基本消息处理,分别表示鼠标左键按下、鼠标左键松开、鼠标移动。

lParam副消息存放的是鼠标的坐标位置,字节的低四位为x坐标,高四位为y坐标。wParam的高四位不用,第四位表示组合件的使用状态,第1位为”1“表示鼠标左键被按下,第2位为”1”表示鼠标右键被按下,第3位为”1”表示shift键被按下,第4位为”1”表示ctrl键按下,这四种状态可以组合使用。例如鼠标左右键同时按下,wParam为3;鼠标左右键和shift、ctrl键全部按下则wParam为F。

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
        HDC hdc;
        RECT rc;
        char strx[64];
        char strAction[64];
        int xPos, yPos;

        xPos = LOWORD(lParam);
        yPos = HIWORD(lParam);
        wsprintf((LPSTR)strx, "鼠标位置: (%3d, %3d)  wParam=%X   ",xPos, yPos, wParam);

        hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
        GetClientRect(hWnd, &rc);
        TextOut(hdc,10,10,strx, (int)strlen(strx));

        if (wParam & 0x1) {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "鼠标左键: ON  ");
        } else {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "鼠标左键: OFF");
        }
        TextOut(hdc, 10, 25, strAction, (int)strlen(strAction));

        if (wParam & 0x2) {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "鼠标右键: ON  ");
        } else {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "鼠标右键: OFF");
        }
        TextOut(hdc, 10, 40, strAction, (int)strlen(strAction));

        if (wParam & 0x4) {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "Shift键: ON  ");
        } else {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "Shift键: OFF");
        }
        TextOut(hdc, 10, 55, strAction, (int)strlen(strAction));

        if (wParam & 0x8) {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "Ctrl键: ON  ");
        } else {
            wsprintf((LPSTR)strAction, "Ctrl键: OFF");
        }
        TextOut(hdc, 10, 70, strAction, (int)strlen(strAction));

        ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

四、用鼠标作图

捕获、释放光标

首先掌握ClipCursor()函数,这个函数可以将光标限定在有效区内,注意该函数的参数用的坐标是整个屏幕的坐标,这时因为鼠标是全屏动作的。因此,我们还需要学会将窗口有效区坐标转换为屏幕坐标。ClientToScreen()函数可以实现这一目的,不过这一函数在MFC中的参数和SDK中的参数不一样,MFC中转换的是一矩形块,而SDK中装换的是一个点。所以SDK编程中,下面的例子是先转换窗口有效区的(0,0)点,再计算出矩形右下角的点。

LONG clsCur;
bool bDrawing = false;   //画图状态为true
POINTS start;   //开始点

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
        bDrawing = true;   //描画状态开始
        start = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); //开始点保存于start中

        //取得窗口有效区
        RECT rect;
        GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect);

        //转换窗口有效区为屏幕座标
        POINT point;
        point.x = 0, point.y = 0;
        ClientToScreen(hWnd,&point);
        rect.top = point.y;
        rect.left = point.x;
        rect.bottom += rect.top;
        rect.right += rect.left;

        //将光标限定在窗口有效区内
        ClipCursor(&rect);  //rect一定要是屏幕座标

        if (!clsCur) {
            clsCur = GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR);  //取当前窗口的光标
        }
        SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR,NULL);  //设置当前窗口的光标为NULL
        SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS)); //设置当前光标为十字形
        break;
    case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
        HDC hdc;
        hdc = GetDC(hWnd);

        if (bDrawing) {
            MoveToEx(hdc, start.x, start.y,NULL);
            LineTo(hdc, LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
        }

        ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
        break;
    case WM_LBUTTONUP:
        bDrawing = false;    //描画状态结束
        ClipCursor(NULL);  //使光标可以在屏幕任意位置移动
        SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR, clsCur);  //设置窗口光标为原先的光标
        SetCursor((HCURSOR)clsCur);  //设置当前光标为原先的光标
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

消除移动轨迹

上例中,想要画一条线(即鼠标按下到松开的一条线),结果却将鼠标移动的“轨迹”画了出来,这些“轨迹”必须擦掉。VC不提供擦掉已经画好的图案的功能,所谓“擦掉”,就是选用某种方式重画,使得看上去象重画一样。通过SetROP2()函数就可以实现这个功能,这个函数将反转屏幕颜色,这样第二次画时就恢复为原来的颜色。注意:SetROP2()函数这是设置画图模式的函数,是设置前景与背景的关系。

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
            bDrawing = true;   //描画状态开始
            prev = start = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); //开始点保存于start和prev中

            RECT rect;
            POINT point;
            GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect);  //取得窗口有效区
            point.x = 0, point.y = 0;
            ClientToScreen(hWnd,&point);  //转换窗口有效区为屏幕座标
            rect.top = point.y;
            rect.left = point.x;
            rect.bottom += rect.top;
            rect.right += rect.left;
            ClipCursor(&rect);  //将光标限定在窗口有效区内

            if (!clsCur) {
                clsCur = GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR);
            }
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR,NULL);
            SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS)); //设置光标为十字形

            break;

        case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
            HDC hdc;

            if (bDrawing) {    //如果是描画状态
                hdc = GetDC(hWnd);  //取设备句柄

                end = MAKEPOINTS(lParam);  //当前点保存于end中
                Draw(hdc, start, prev); //擦去前一次所画内容
                Draw(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点
                prev = end;  //当前点设置为旧的点

                ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); //释放设备句柄
            }
            break;

        case WM_LBUTTONUP:
            hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
            Draw2(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点

            bDrawing = false;    //描画状态结束
            ClipCursor(NULL);  //使光标可以在屏幕任意位置移动
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR, clsCur);
            SetCursor((HCURSOR)clsCur);

            ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
            break;

        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   }
   return 0;
}

//作图
void Draw(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end)
{
    SetROP2(hdc, R2_NOT);   //设置前景配色方式为象素反转
    MoveToEx(hdc, beg.x, beg.y, NULL);  //移动描画点到按下鼠标键的地方
    LineTo(hdc, end.x, end.y); //从描画点到(end.x, end.y)点

    return;
} 

鼠标松开后的处理

LONG clsCur;
bool bDrawing = false;   //画图状态为true
POINTS start, end, prev;   //开始点、结束点、前一个移动点

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
            bDrawing = true;   //描画状态开始
            prev = start = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); //开始点保存于start和prev中

            RECT rect;
            POINT point;
            GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect);  //取得窗口有效区
            point.x = 0, point.y = 0;
            ClientToScreen(hWnd,&point);  //转换窗口有效区为屏幕座标
            rect.top = point.y;
            rect.left = point.x;
            rect.bottom += rect.top;
            rect.right += rect.left;
            ClipCursor(&rect);  //将光标限定在窗口有效区内

            if (!clsCur) {
                clsCur = GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR);
            }
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR,NULL);
            SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS)); //设置光标为十字形

            break;

        case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
            HDC hdc;

            if (bDrawing) {    //如果是描画状态
                hdc = GetDC(hWnd);  //取设备句柄

                end = MAKEPOINTS(lParam);  //当前点保存于end中
                Draw(hdc, start, prev); //擦去前一次所画内容
                Draw(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点
                prev = end;  //当前点设置为旧的点

                ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); //释放设备句柄
            }
            break;

        case WM_LBUTTONUP:
            hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
            Draw2(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点

            bDrawing = false;    //描画状态结束
            ClipCursor(NULL);  //使光标可以在屏幕任意位置移动
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR, clsCur);
            SetCursor((HCURSOR)clsCur);

            ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
            break;

        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   }
   return 0;
}

//作图
void Draw(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end)
{
    SetROP2(hdc, R2_NOT);   //设置前景配色方式为象素反转
    MoveToEx(hdc, beg.x, beg.y, NULL);  //移动描画点到按下鼠标键的地方
    LineTo(hdc, end.x, end.y); //从描画点到(end.x, end.y)点

    return;
} 

void Draw2(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end)
{
    HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
    SetROP2(hdc, R2_COPYPEN);   //设置前景配色方式为画笔颜色

    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(0, 100, 255));  //兰色实线画笔
    hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);

    MoveToEx(hdc, beg.x, beg.y, NULL);  //移动描画点到按下鼠标键的地方
    LineTo(hdc, end.x, end.y); //从描画点到(end.x, end.y)点

    SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
    DeleteObject(hPen);

    return;
} 

完整程序

#include <windows.h>
#define IDI_QUAN  101

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
BOOL InitApp(HINSTANCE, LPCSTR);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, LPCSTR, int);
void Draw(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end);
void Draw2(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end);

//主入口函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hCurInst, HINSTANCE hPrevInst,
                   LPSTR lpsCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
    MSG msg;
    char szClassName[] ="DrawRect";  //窗口名

    //注册窗口类
    if (!InitApp(hCurInst, szClassName)) 
        return FALSE;

    //初始化窗口
    if (!InitInstance(hCurInst, szClassName, nCmdShow)) { 
        return FALSE;
    }

    //消息循环
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) { 
        TranslateMessage(&msg);  //消息解释
        DispatchMessage(&msg);   //消息发送
    }

    return (int)msg.wParam;
}

//登记窗口类
BOOL InitApp(HINSTANCE hInst, LPCSTR szClassName)
{
    WNDCLASS wc;

    ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(wc));
    wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
    wc.hInstance     = hInst;
    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_QUAN));
    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HELP);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName  = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = (LPCSTR)szClassName;
    return (RegisterClass(&wc));
}

//初始化窗口类
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInst, LPCSTR szClassName, int nCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;

    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0,
                        szClassName,
                        "MY first GDI",
                        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                        320, 320,
                        NULL,  NULL,
                        hInst, NULL);
    if (!hWnd)  return FALSE;
    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    return TRUE;
}

LONG clsCur;
bool bDrawing = false;   //画图状态为true
POINTS start, end, prev;   //开始点、结束点、前一个移动点

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
        case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
            bDrawing = true;   //描画状态开始
            prev = start = MAKEPOINTS(lParam); //开始点保存于start和prev中

            RECT rect;
            POINT point;
            GetClientRect(hWnd,&rect);  //取得窗口有效区
            point.x = 0, point.y = 0;
            ClientToScreen(hWnd,&point);  //转换窗口有效区为屏幕座标
            rect.top = point.y;
            rect.left = point.x;
            rect.bottom += rect.top;
            rect.right += rect.left;
            ClipCursor(&rect);  //将光标限定在窗口有效区内

            if (!clsCur) {
                clsCur = GetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR);
            }
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR,NULL);
            SetCursor(LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS)); //设置光标为十字形

            break;

        case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
            HDC hdc;

            if (bDrawing) {    //如果是描画状态
                hdc = GetDC(hWnd);  //取设备句柄

                end = MAKEPOINTS(lParam);  //当前点保存于end中
                Draw(hdc, start, prev); //擦去前一次所画内容
                Draw(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点
                prev = end;  //当前点设置为旧的点

                ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); //释放设备句柄
            }
            break;

        case WM_LBUTTONUP:
            hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
            Draw2(hdc, start, end); //画开始点到当前点

            bDrawing = false;    //描画状态结束
            ClipCursor(NULL);  //使光标可以在屏幕任意位置移动
            SetClassLong(hWnd,GCL_HCURSOR, clsCur);
            SetCursor((HCURSOR)clsCur);

            ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
            break;

        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   }
   return 0;
}

//作图
void Draw(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end)
{
    SetROP2(hdc, R2_NOT);   //设置前景配色方式为象素反转
    MoveToEx(hdc, beg.x, beg.y, NULL);  //移动描画点到按下鼠标键的地方
    LineTo(hdc, end.x, end.y); //从描画点到(end.x, end.y)点

    return;
} 

void Draw2(HDC hdc, POINTS beg, POINTS end)
{
    HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
    SetROP2(hdc, R2_COPYPEN);   //设置前景配色方式为画笔颜色

    hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(0, 100, 255));  //兰色实线画笔
    hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);

    MoveToEx(hdc, beg.x, beg.y, NULL);  //移动描画点到按下鼠标键的地方
    LineTo(hdc, end.x, end.y); //从描画点到(end.x, end.y)点

    SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
    DeleteObject(hPen);

    return;
} 
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