什么是字符流？为什么会有字符流？

为什么出现字符流？因为字节流操作中文不是特别方便，所以Java就提供字符流；字符流=字节流+编码表；字节流复制文本文件时也会有中文，但是没有问题，原因是最终底层操作会自动进行字节拼接成中文，如何识别中文呢？是因为汉字在存储时无论选择哪种编码存储，第一个字节都是负数。

字符流写数据的五种方式：

1.void write(int c); 写一个字符

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo");
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter ow = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
        ow.write(97);
        ow.flush();
        ow.write(98);
        ow.close();
    }
}

2.void write(char[] cbuf); 写一个字符数组

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter ow = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
        char [] ch ={97,98,99,100};
        ow.write(ch);
        ow.close();
    }
}

3.void write(char[] cbuf,int off, int len);写一个字符数组的一部分

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter ow = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
        char [] ch ={97,98,99,100};
        ow.write(ch,0,2);
        ow.close();
    }
}

4.void write(String str);写一个字符串

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter ow = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
       ow.write("chengzi");
       ow.close();
    }
}

5.void write(String str，int off , int len);写一个字符串的一部分

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter ow = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
       ow.write("chengzi",0,5);
       ow.close();
    }
}

flush方法和close方法的区别：close释放资源前进行一次刷新流，close执行后不能在写内容；而flush是刷新流，执行完毕依旧可以写内容；

字符流读数据两种方式：

1.int read();一次读取一个字符数据

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
       InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(fis);
       int ch;
       while ((ch=ir.read())!=-1){
           System.out.print((char)ch);
       }
    }
}

2.int read(char[] cbuf);一次读取一个字符数组数据

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
       FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
       InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(fis);
       char [] cha = new char[1024];
       int len;
       while ((len=ir.read(cha))!=-1){
           System.out.print(new String (cha,0,len));
       }
    }
}

字符流复制文件案例：

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStreamReader sr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt"));
        OutputStreamWriter os = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\橙子.txt"));
        char [] ch = new char[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=sr.read(ch))!=-1){
            os.write(new String(ch,0,len));
        }
        sr.close();
        os.close();
    }
}

简洁：

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileReader sr = new FileReader("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt");
        FileWriter os = new FileWriter("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\橙子.txt");
        int ch;
        while ((ch=sr.read())!=-1){
            os.write((char)ch);
        }
        sr.close();
        os.close();
    }
}

字符缓冲流：

BufferedWriter:将文本写入字符输出流，缓冲字符，以提供单个字符，数组和字符串的高效写入，可以指定缓冲区大小，或使用默认，默认可用于大多数用途；

BufferedReader：从字符输入流读取文本，缓冲字符，以提供字符，数组和行的高效读取，可以指定缓冲区大小，或使用默认，默认可用于大多数用途；

构造方法：BufferedWriter(Writer out);      BufferedReader(Reader  in);

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt"));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\橙子.txt"));
        char [] ar = new char[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=br.read(ar))!=-1){
            bw.write(new String(ar,0,len));
        }
        br.close();
        bw.close();
    }
}

使用缓冲流复制文件效率更高；

字符缓冲流特有功能：

BufferedWriter:   void   newLine():写一行行分隔符，行分隔符字符串由系统属性定义

BufferedReader： public String  readLine():读一行文字，结果包含行的内容的字符串，不包含任何终止字符，如果流的结尾已经到达，则为null

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\.chengzi.txt"));
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("D:\\wkx\\shangluo\\橙子.txt"));

        String len;
        while ((len=br.readLine())!=null){
           bw.write(len);
           bw.newLine();
           bw.flush();
        }
        br.close();
        bw.close();
    }
}