Android广播事件机制及应用(实现简单的定时提醒功能)

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 04:24:21 发布

wanglang3081

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 04:24:21 发布

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涉及的主要内容：1) AlarmManager 和 PendingIntent 2) BroadReceiver 3) Notification and NotificationManager

1.Android广播事件机制
     Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于，后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发，而前者是通过构建Intent对象，使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承Broadcast Receiver的类实现的，继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统广播事件。例如：ACTION_TIME_CHANGED（时间改变时触发）。但是，我们也可以自己定义Broadcast Receiver接收广播事件。
2.实现简单的定时提醒功能
     主要包括三部分部分：
     1）定时 - 通过定义Activity发出广播
     2）接收广播 - 通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播
     3)   提醒 - 并通过Notification提醒用户
     现在我们来具体实现这三部分：
     2.1 如何定时，从而发出广播呢？
       现在的手机都有闹钟的功能，我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能，来定时，即发出广播。具体地，在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。
       AlarmManager 提供了一种系统级的提示服务，允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。
       AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下：
       1）获得AlarmManager实例： AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化，而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE) 方法获得
       2）定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。
       3）调用AlarmManager的相关方法，设置定时、重复提醒等功能。
       详细代码如下(ReminderSetting.java)：

Java代码

package com.Reminder;
import java.util.Calendar;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
/**
* trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm
*/
public class ReminderSetting extends Activity {
Button btnEnable;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
/* create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled */
btnEnable=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);
btnEnable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
setReminder(true);
}
});
}
/**
* Set the alarm
*
* @param b whether enable the Alarm clock or not
*/
private void setReminder(boolean b) {
// get the AlarmManager instance
AlarmManager am= (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
// create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast
PendingIntent pi= PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.this, 0, new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class), 0);
if(b){
// just use current time as the Alarm time.
Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();
// schedule an alarm
am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);
}
else{
// cancel current alarm
am.cancel(pi);
}
}
}

package com.Reminder;
import java.util.Calendar;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

/**
 * trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm
 */
public class ReminderSetting extends Activity {
    
    Button btnEnable;
    
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        /* create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled */
        btnEnable=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);
        btnEnable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                setReminder(true);
            }
        });
    }
    
    /**
     * Set the alarm 
     * 
     * @param b whether enable the Alarm clock or not 
     */
    private void setReminder(boolean b) {
        
        // get the AlarmManager instance 
        AlarmManager am= (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
        // create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast
        PendingIntent pi= PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.this, 0, new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class), 0);
        
        if(b){
            // just use current time as the Alarm time. 
            Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();
            // schedule an alarm
            am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);
        }
        else{
            // cancel current alarm
            am.cancel(pi);
        }
        
    }
}

2.2 接收广播
新建一个class 继承BroadcastReceiver，并实现onReceive()方法。当BroadcastReceiver接收到广播后，就会去执行OnReceive()方法。所以，我们在OnReceive()方法中加上代码，当接收到广播后就跳到显示提醒信息的Activity。具体代码如下( MyReceiver.java)：

Java代码

package com.Reminder;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
/**
* Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm
*/
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
/**
* called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast.
*/
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
/* start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm */
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.class);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
}

package com.Reminder;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

/**
 * Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm
 */
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    /**
     * called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast.
     */
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        
        /* start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm */
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.class);
        context.startActivity(intent);
        
    }

}

注意：创建完BroadcastReceiver后，需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册：
<receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
       <intent-filter>
        <action android:name= "com.Reminder.MyReceiver" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
2.3 提醒功能
       新建一个Activity，我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。
      其中，创建Notification主要包括：
       1）获得系统级得服务NotificationManager，通过 Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。
       2）实例化Notification对象，并设置各种我们需要的属性，比如:设置声音。
       3）调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification
      详细代码如下：MyAlarm.java

Java代码

package com.Reminder;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
/**
* Display the alarm information
*/
public class MyAlarm extends Activity {
/**
* An identifier for this notification unique within your application
*/
public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID=1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);
// create the instance of NotificationManager
final NotificationManager nm=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// create the instance of Notification
Notification n=new Notification();
/* set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound */
// n.sound=Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/alarm.mp3");
n.sound=Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "20");
// Post a notification to be shown in the status bar
nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);
/* display some information */
TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);
tv.setText("Hello, it's time to bla bla...");
/* the button by which you can cancel the alarm */
Button btnCancel=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);
finish();
}
});
}
}

package com.Reminder;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Display the alarm information 
 */
public class MyAlarm extends Activity {

    /**
     * An identifier for this notification unique within your application
     */
    public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID=1; 
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);
        
        // create the instance of NotificationManager
        final NotificationManager nm=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        // create the instance of Notification
        Notification n=new Notification();
        /* set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound */
          // n.sound=Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/alarm.mp3");
        n.sound=Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "20");
        // Post a notification to be shown in the status bar
        nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);
        
        /* display some information */
        TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);
        tv.setText("Hello, it's time to bla bla...");
        
        /* the button by which you can cancel the alarm */
        Button btnCancel=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);
        btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);
                finish();
            }
        });
    }
    
}

注：关于提示音设置（Notification.sound），可以参考： http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html 中的相关部分。