2.3 线程的并发工具类-Semaphore(信号量)、Exchanger

一、Semaphore

1、作用

控制访问某一特定资源的线程数量，例如数据库连接、mq连接等等

2、举例说明

1)下面举个例子，让两个线程交替打印ABABABABABAB，不能同时打印AA或者BB

package cn.enjoy.controller.thread.DBPollSemaphore;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

/**
 * @author：wangle
 * @description：
 * @version:V1.0
 * @date：2020-03-22 21:22
 **/
public class BDPollSemaphore {


    private final static Semaphore outA = new Semaphore(1);
    private final static Semaphore outB = new Semaphore(0);

    public BDPollSemaphore(){
    }

    private static class OutA extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            while(true){
                try {
                    outA.acquire();
                    System.out.println("A");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    outB.release();
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static class OutB extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            while(true){
                try {
                    outB.acquire();
                    System.out.println("B");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    outA.release();
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new OutA().start();
        new OutB().start();

    }
}

结果如图，可见两个线程顺序执行，因为我们使用了信号量进行了控制。

2)数据库连接池实现

package cn.enjoy.controller.thread.DBPollSemaphore;

import cn.enjoy.controller.thread.DBPOLL.SqlConnectImpl;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

/**
 * @author wangle25
 * @description
 * @date 21:59 2020-03-22
 * @param
 * @return
 **/

public class DBPoolSemaphore {
	
	private final static int POOL_SIZE = 10;
	private final Semaphore useful,useless;//useful表示可用的数据库连接，useless表示已用的数据库连接
	
	public DBPoolSemaphore() {
		this. useful = new Semaphore(POOL_SIZE);
		this.useless = new Semaphore(0);
	}
	
	//存放数据库连接的容器
	private static LinkedList<Connection> pool = new LinkedList<Connection>();
	//初始化池
	static {
        for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
            pool.addLast(SqlConnectImpl.fetchConnection());
        }
	}

	/*归还连接*/
	public void returnConnect(Connection connection) throws InterruptedException {
		if(connection!=null) {
			System.out.println("当前有"+useful.getQueueLength()+"个线程等待数据库连接！！"
					+"可用连接数:"+useful.availablePermits());
			useless.acquire();
			synchronized (pool) {
				pool.addLast(connection);
			}	
			useful.release();
		}
	}
	/*从池子拿连接*/
	public Connection takeConnect() throws InterruptedException {
		useful.acquire();
		Connection conn;
		synchronized (pool) {
			conn = pool.removeFirst();
		}
		useless.release();
		return conn;
	}
}

package cn.enjoy.controller.thread.DBPollSemaphore;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @author wangle25
 * @description
 * @date 21:59 2020-03-22
 * @param
 * @return
 **/

public class AppTest {

	private static DBPoolSemaphore dbPool = new DBPoolSemaphore();
	
	//业务线程
	private static class BusiThread extends Thread{
		@Override
		public void run() {
			Random r = new Random();//让每个线程持有连接的时间不一样
			long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
			try {
				Connection connect = dbPool.takeConnect();
				System.out.println("Thread_"+Thread.currentThread().getId()
						+"_获取数据库连接共耗时【"+(System.currentTimeMillis()-start)+"】ms.");
				Thread.sleep(100+r.nextInt(100));//模拟业务操作，线程持有连接查询数据
				System.out.println("查询数据完成，归还连接！");
				dbPool.returnConnect(connect);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			}
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            Thread thread = new BusiThread();
            thread.start();
        }
	}	
}

如图，前10个线程未阻塞，直接获取到sql连接，接下来等待获取到连接的线程使用完成归还连接后，其他线程才能继续获取连接

二、Exchanger

1、作用

两个线程之间进行数据的交换

package cn.enjoy.controller.thread.Exchanger;



import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

/**
 * @author：wangle
 * @description：使用Exchanger
 * @version:V1.0
 * @date：2020-03-23 20:24
 **/
public class UseExchanger {
    private static final Exchanger<List<Integer>>  exchanger = new Exchanger<>();

    private static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList();

            try {
                list.add(1);
                list.add(2);
                list = exchanger.exchange(list);
            }catch (Exception e){

            }finally {
                System.out.println("ThreadA data is:");
                System.out.println(list);
            }

        }
    }

    private static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList();
            try {
                list.add(3);
                list.add(4);
                list = exchanger.exchange(list);
            }catch (Exception e){

            }finally {
                System.out.println("ThreadB data is:");
                System.out.println(list);
            }

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new ThreadA().start();
        new ThreadB().start();
    }



}