JavaAgent、JVMTI（Java Tool Interface）、java.lang.instrument

看深入理解JVM字节码第7章

JVMTI是C语言实现   

文档： JVM(TM) Tool Interface 1.2.3

通过 -agentlib 或-agentpath 加载

javaagent是Java实现。  有两种javaagent。一个是启动前加载的，一个是启动后加载。

JavaAgent 可以看Java虚拟机 JVM故障诊断与性能优化11.4

IBM Developer

官方文档： java.lang.instrument (Java Platform SE 6)

Instrumentation 的最大作用，就是 类定义动态改变和操作 。在 Java SE 5 及其后续版本当中，开发者可以在一个普通 Java 程序（带有 main 函数的 Java 类）运行时，通过  –javaagent 参数指定一个特定的 jar 文件（包含 Instrumentation 代理）来启动 Instrumentation 的代理程序。

1、虚拟机启动前的Instrument

编写 premain 函数

编写一个 Java 类，包含如下两个方法当中的任何一个

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public static void premain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst);  [1] public static void premain(String agentArgs); [2]

其中，[1] 的优先级比 [2] 高，将会被优先执行（[1] 和 [2] 同时存在时，[2] 被忽略）。

在这个 premain 函数中，开发者可以进行对类的各种操作。

agentArgs 是 premain 函数得到的程序参数，随同 “– javaagent”一起传入。与 main 函数不同的是，这个参数是一个字符串而不是一个字符串数组，如果程序参数有多个，程序将自行解析这个字符串。

Inst 是一个 java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation 的实例，由 JVM 自动传入。java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation 是 instrument 包中定义的一个接口，也是这个包的核心部分，集中了其中几乎所有的功能方法，例如类定义的转换和操作等等。

2、虚拟机启动后的Instrument

跟 premain 函数一样， 开发者可以编写一个含有“agentmain”函数的 Java 类：

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public static void agentmain (String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst);          [1] public static void agentmain (String agentArgs);            [2]

同样，[1] 的优先级比 [2] 高，将会被优先执行。

Manifest Attributes

The following manifest attributes are defined for an agent JAR file:

Premain-Class

When an agent is specified at JVM launch time this attribute specifies the agent class. That is, the class containing the premain method. When an agent is specified at JVM launch time this attribute is required. If the attribute is not present the JVM will abort. Note: this is a class name, not a file name or path.

Agent-Class

If an implementation supports a mechanism to start agents sometime after the VM has started then this attribute specifies the agent class. That is, the class containing the agentmain method. This attribute is required, if it is not present the agent will not be started. Note: this is a class name, not a file name or path.

Boot-Class-Path

A list of paths to be searched by the bootstrap class loader. Paths represent directories or libraries (commonly referred to as JAR or zip libraries on many platforms). These paths are searched by the bootstrap class loader after the platform specific mechanisms of locating a class have failed. Paths are searched in the order listed. Paths in the list are separated by one or more spaces. A path takes the syntax of the path component of a hierarchical URI. The path is absolute if it begins with a slash character ('/'), otherwise it is relative. A relative path is resolved against the absolute path of the agent JAR file. Malformed and non-existent paths are ignored. When an agent is started sometime after the VM has started then paths that do not represent a JAR file are ignored. This attribute is optional.

Can-Redefine-Classes

Boolean (true or false, case irrelevant). Is the ability to redefine classes needed by this agent. Values other than true are considered false. This attribute is optional, the default is false.

Can-Retransform-Classes

Boolean (true or false, case irrelevant). Is the ability to retransform classes needed by this agent. Values other than true are considered false. This attribute is optional, the default is false.

Can-Set-Native-Method-Prefix

Boolean (true or false, case irrelevant). Is the ability to set native method prefix needed by this agent. Values other than true are considered false. This attribute is optional, the default is false.

可以使用tools.jar包进行Attach

动态方法调用   java.lang.invoke包  看Java虚拟机 JVM故障诊断与性能优化11.5

日常工作中用到的很多工具其实都是基于Instrumentation来实现的，比如下面这些：

·APM产品：Pinpoint、SkyWalking、newrelic等。

·热部署工具：Intellij idea的HotSwap、Jrebel等。

·Java诊断工具：Arthas等。