Linux C语言常用函数 02

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-28 00:24:20 发布

wangleide414

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-28 00:24:20 发布

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分类专栏： C和C++面试笔试题文章标签： c/c++ 操作系统

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函数名: detectgraph

功能: 通过检测硬件确定图形驱动程序和模式

用法: void far detectgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode);

程序例:

#include ;

/* names of the various cards supported */

char *dname[] = { "requests detection",

"a CGA",

"an MCGA",

"an EGA",

"a 64K EGA",

"a monochrome EGA",

"an IBM 8514",

"a Hercules monochrome",

"an AT&T 6300 PC",

"a VGA",

"an IBM 3270 PC"

};

int main(void)

{

/* returns detected hardware info. */

int gdriver, gmode, errorcode;

/* detect graphics hardware available */

detectgraph(&gdriver, &gmode);

/* read result of detectgraph call */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error

occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s\n", \

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error

code */

}

/* display the information detected */

clrscr();

printf("You have %s video display \

card.\n", dname[gdriver]);

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: difftime

功能: 计算两个时刻之间的时间差

用法: double difftime(time_t time2, time_t time1);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

time_t first, second;

clrscr();

first = time(NULL); /* Gets system

time */

delay(2000); /* Waits 2 secs */

second = time(NULL); /* Gets system time

again */

printf("The difference is: %f \

seconds\n",difftime(second,first));

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: disable

功能: 屏蔽中断

用法: void disable(void);

程序例:

/***NOTE: This is an interrupt service

routine. You cannot compile this program

with Test Stack Overflow turned on and

get an executable file that operates

correctly. */

#include ;

#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick

interrupt */

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)

{

/* disable interrupts during the handling of

the interrupt */

disable();

/* increase the global counter */

count++;

/* reenable interrupts at the end of the

handler */

enable();

/* call the old routine */

oldhandler();

}

int main(void)

{

/* save the old interrupt vector */

oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */

while (count 函数名: div

功能: 将两个整数相除, 返回商和余数

用法: div_t (int number, int denom);

程序例:

#include ;

div_t x;

int main(void)

{

x = div(10,3);

printf("10 div 3 = %d remainder %d\n", x.quot, x.rem);

return 0;

}

函数名: dosexterr

功能: 获取扩展DOS错误信息

用法: int dosexterr(struct DOSERR *dblkp);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

struct DOSERROR info;

fp = fopen("perror.dat","r");

if (!fp) perror("Unable to open file for

reading");

dosexterr(&info);

printf("Extended DOS error \

information:\n");

printf(" Extended error: \

%d\n",info.exterror);

printf(" Class: \

%x\n",info.class);

printf(" Action: \

%x\n",info.action);

printf(" Error Locus: \

%x\n",info.locus);

return 0;

}

函数名: dostounix

功能: 转换日期和时间为UNIX时间格式

用法: long dostounix(struct date *dateptr, struct time *timeptr);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

time_t t;

struct time d_time;

struct date d_date;

struct tm *local;

getdate(&d_date);

gettime(&d_time);

t = dostounix(&d_date, &d_time);

local = localtime(&t);

printf("Time and Date: %s\n", \

asctime(local));

return 0;

}

函数名: drawpoly

功能: 画多边形

用法: void far drawpoly(int numpoints, int far *polypoints);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int maxx, maxy;

/* our polygon array */

int poly[10];

/* initialize graphics and local

variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s\n", \

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

/* terminate with an error code */

exit(1);

}

maxx = getmaxx();

maxy = getmaxy();

poly[0] = 20; /* 1st vertext */

poly[1] = maxy / 2;

poly[2] = maxx - 20; /* 2nd */

poly[3] = 20;

poly[4] = maxx - 50; /* 3rd */

poly[5] = maxy - 20;

poly[6] = maxx / 2; /* 4th */

poly[7] = maxy / 2;

drawpoly doesn't automatically close

the polygon, so we close it.

poly[8] = poly[0];

poly[9] = poly[1];

/* draw the polygon */

drawpoly(5, poly);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: dup

功能: 复制一个文件句柄

用法: int dup(int handle);

程序例:

#include ;

void flush(FILE *stream);

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */

fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* write some data to the file */

fwrite(msg, strlen(msg), 1, fp);

clrscr();

printf("Press any key to flush \

DUMMY.FIL:");

getch();

/* flush the data to DUMMY.FIL without

closing it */

flush(fp);

printf("\nFile was flushed, Press any \

key to quit:");

getch();

return 0;

}

void flush(FILE *stream)

{

int duphandle;

/* flush TC's internal buffer */

fflush(stream);

/* make a duplicate file handle */

duphandle = dup(fileno(stream));

/* close the duplicate handle to flush the

DOS buffer */

close(duphandle);

}

函数名: dup2

功能: 复制文件句柄

用法: int dup2(int oldhandle, int newhandle);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

#define STDOUT 1

int nul, oldstdout;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */

nul = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,

S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* create a duplicate handle for standard

output */

oldstdout = dup(STDOUT);

redirect standard output to DUMMY.FIL

by duplicating the file handle onto the

file handle for standard output.

dup2(nul, STDOUT);

/* close the handle for DUMMY.FIL */

close(nul);

/* will be redirected into DUMMY.FIL */

write(STDOUT, msg, strlen(msg));

/* restore original standard output

handle */

dup2(oldstdout, STDOUT);

/* close duplicate handle for STDOUT */

close(oldstdout);

return 0;

}

函数名: ecvt

功能: 把一个浮点数转换为字符串

用法: char ecvt(double value, int ndigit, int *decpt, int *sign);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *string;

double value;

int dec, sign;

int ndig = 10;

clrscr();

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/9.876;

string = ecvt(value, ndig, &dec, &sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d \

sign = %d\n", string, dec, sign);

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/-123.45;

ndig= 15;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d sign = %d\n",

string, dec, sign);

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/0.6789e5; /* scientific

notation */

ndig = 5;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d\

sign = %d\n", string, dec, sign);

return 0;

}

函数名: ellipse

功能: 画一椭圆

用法: void far ellipse(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle,

int xradius, int yradius);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy;

int stangle = 0, endangle = 360;

int xradius = 100, yradius = 50;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s\n",

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1);

/* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw ellipse */

ellipse(midx, midy, stangle, endangle,

xradius, yradius);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: enable

功能: 开放硬件中断

用法: void enable(void);

程序例:

/* ** NOTE:

This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this program

with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable file which will

operate correctly.

#include ;

/* The clock tick interrupt */

#define INTR 0X1C

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)

{

disable interrupts during the handling of the interrupt

disable();

/* increase the global counter */

count++;

re enable interrupts at the end of the handler

enable();

/* call the old routine */

oldhandler();

}

int main(void)

{

/* save the old interrupt vector */

oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */

while (count 函数名: eof

功能: 检测文件结束

用法: int eof(int *handle);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

char ch;

/* create a file */

handle = open("DUMMY.FIL",

O_CREAT | O_RDWR,

S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* write some data to the file */

write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));

/* seek to the beginning of the file */

lseek(handle, 0L, SEEK_SET);

reads chars from the file until hit EOF

{

read(handle, &ch, 1);

printf("%c", ch);

} while (!eof(handle));

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: exec...

功能: 装入并运行其它程序的函数

用法: int execl(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL);

int execle(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL,

char *envp[]);

int execlp(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, .., NULL);

int execple(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., NULL,

char *envp[]);

int execv(char *pathname, char *argv[]);

int execve(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);

int execvp(char *pathname, char *argv[]);

int execvpe(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);

程序例:

/* execv example */

#include ;

void main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

int i;

printf("Command line arguments:\n");

for (i=0; i函数名: exit

功能: 终止程序

用法: void exit(int status);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int status;

printf("Enter either 1 or 2\n");

status = getch();

/* Sets DOS errorlevel */

exit(status - '0');

/* Note: this line is never reached */

return 0;

}

函数名: exp

功能: 指数函数

用法: double exp(double x);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 4.0;

result = exp(x);

printf("'e' raised to the power \

of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf\n",

x, x, result);

return 0;

}

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函数名: exp

功能: 指数函数

用法: double exp(double x);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 4.0;

result = exp(x);

printf("'e' raised to the power \

of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf\n",

x, x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: fabs

功能: 返回浮点数的绝对值

用法: double fabs(double x);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

float number = -1234.0;

printf("number: %f absolute value: %f\n",

number, fabs(number));

return 0;

}

函数名: farcalloc

功能: 从远堆栈中申请空间

用法: void far *farcalloc(unsigned long units, unsigned ling unitsz);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char far *fptr;

char *str = "Hello";

/* allocate memory for the far pointer */

fptr = farcalloc(10, sizeof(char));

/* copy "Hello" into allocated memory */

Note: movedata is used because you

might be in a small data model, in

which case a normal string copy routine

can not be used since it assumes the

pointer size is near.

movedata(FP_SEG(str), FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr), FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/* display string (note the F modifier) */

printf("Far string is: %Fs\n", fptr);

/* free the memory */

farfree(fptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: farcoreleft

功能: 返回远堆中未作用存储区大小

用法: long farcoreleft(void);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

printf("The difference between the\

highest allocated block in the\

far\n");

printf("heap and the top of the far heap\

is: %lu bytes\n", farcoreleft());

return 0;

}

函数名: farfree

功能: 从远堆中释放一块

用法: void farfree(void);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char far *fptr;

char *str = "Hello";

/* allocate memory for the far pointer */

fptr = farcalloc(10, sizeof(char));

/* copy "Hello" into allocated memory */

Note: movedata is used because you might be in a small data model,

in which case a normal string copy routine can't be used since it

assumes the pointer size is near.

movedata(FP_SEG(str), FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr), FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/* display string (note the F modifier) */

printf("Far string is: %Fs\n", fptr);

/* free the memory */

farfree(fptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: farmalloc

功能: 从远堆中分配存储块

用法: void far *farmalloc(unsigned long size);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char far *fptr;

char *str = "Hello";

/* allocate memory for the far pointer */

fptr = farmalloc(10);

/* copy "Hello" into allocated memory */

Note: movedata is used because we might

be in a small data model, in which case

a normal string copy routine can not be

used since it assumes the pointer size

is near.

movedata(FP_SEG(str), FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr), FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/* display string (note the F modifier) */

printf("Far string is: %Fs\n", fptr);

/* free the memory */

farfree(fptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: farrealloc

功能: 调整远堆中的分配块

用法: void far *farrealloc(void far *block, unsigned long newsize);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char far *fptr;

fptr = farmalloc(10);

printf("First address: %Fp\n", fptr);

fptr = farrealloc(fptr,20);

printf("New address : %Fp\n", fptr);

farfree(fptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: fclose

功能: 关闭一个流

用法: int fclose(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create a file containing 10 bytes */

fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

fwrite(&buf, strlen(buf), 1, fp);

/* close the file */

fclose(fp);

return 0;

}

函数名: fcloseall

功能: 关闭打开流

用法: int fcloseall(void);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int streams_closed;

/* open two streams */

fopen("DUMMY.ONE", "w");

fopen("DUMMY.TWO", "w");

/* close the open streams */

streams_closed = fcloseall();

if (streams_closed == EOF)

/* issue an error message */

perror("Error");

else

/* print result of fcloseall() function */

printf("%d streams were closed.\n", streams_closed);

return 0;

}

函数名: fcvt

功能: 把一个浮点数转换为字符串

用法: char *fcvt(double value, int ndigit, int *decpt, int *sign);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *string;

double value;

int dec, sign;

int ndig = 10;

clrscr();

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/9.876;

string = ecvt(value, ndig, &dec, &sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d \

sign = %d\n", string, dec, sign);

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/-123.45;

ndig= 15;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d sign = %d\n",

string, dec, sign);

value = http://linux.chinaunix.net/techdoc/develop/2006/07/30/0.6789e5; /* scientific

notation */

ndig = 5;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d\

sign = %d\n", string, dec, sign);

return 0;

}

函数名: fdopen

功能: 把流与一个文件句柄相接

用法: FILE *fdopen(int handle, char *type);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int handle;

FILE *stream;

/* open a file */

handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT,

S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* now turn the handle into a stream */

stream = fdopen(handle, "w");

if (stream == NULL)

printf("fdopen failed\n");

else

{

fprintf(stream, "Hello world\n");

fclose(stream);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: feof

功能: 检测流上的文件结束符

用法: int feof(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

/* open a file for reading */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "r");

/* read a character from the file */

fgetc(stream);

/* check for EOF */

if (feof(stream))

printf("We have reached end-of-file\n");

/* close the file */

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: ferror

功能: 检测流上的错误

用法: int ferror(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

/* open a file for writing */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* force an error condition by attempting to read */

(void) getc(stream);

if (ferror(stream)) /* test for an error on the stream */

{

/* display an error message */

printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL\n");

/* reset the error and EOF indicators */

clearerr(stream);

}

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: fflush

功能: 清除一个流

用法: int fflush(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

void flush(FILE *stream);

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* write some data to the file */

fwrite(msg, strlen(msg), 1, stream);

clrscr();

printf("Press any key to flush\

DUMMY.FIL:");

getch();

/* flush the data to DUMMY.FIL without\

closing it */

flush(stream);

printf("\nFile was flushed, Press any key\

to quit:");

getch();

return 0;

}

void flush(FILE *stream)

{

int duphandle;

/* flush the stream's internal buffer */

fflush(stream);

/* make a duplicate file handle */

duphandle = dup(fileno(stream));

/* close the duplicate handle to flush\

the DOS buffer */

close(duphandle);

}

函数名: fgetc

功能: 从流中读取字符

用法: int fgetc(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

char string[] = "This is a test";

char ch;

/* open a file for update */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");

/* write a string into the file */

fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);

/* seek to the beginning of the file */

fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);

{

/* read a char from the file */

ch = fgetc(stream);

/* display the character */

putch(ch);

} while (ch != EOF);

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: fgetchar

功能: 从流中读取字符

用法: int fgetchar(void);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char ch;

/* prompt the user for input */

printf("Enter a character followed by \

;: ");

/* read the character from stdin */

ch = fgetchar();

/* display what was read */

printf("The character read is: '%c'\n",

ch);

return 0;

}

函数名: fgetpos

功能: 取得当前文件的句柄

用法: int fgetpos(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

char string[] = "This is a test";

fpos_t filepos;

/* open a file for update */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");

/* write a string into the file */

fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);

/* report the file pointer position */

fgetpos(stream, &filepos);

printf("The file pointer is at byte\

%ld\n", filepos);

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: fgets

功能: 从流中读取一字符串

用法: char *fgets(char *string, int n, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

char string[] = "This is a test";

char msg[20];

/* open a file for update */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");

/* write a string into the file */

fwrite(string, strlen(string), 1, stream);

/* seek to the start of the file */

fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);

/* read a string from the file */

fgets(msg, strlen(string)+1, stream);

/* display the string */

printf("%s", msg);

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: filelength

功能: 取文件长度字节数

用法: long filelength(int handle);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create a file containing 10 bytes */

handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT);

write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* display the size of the file */

printf("file length in bytes: %ld\n",

filelength(handle));

/* close the file */

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: fillellipse

功能: 画出并填充一椭圆

用法: void far fillellipse(int x, int y, int xradius, int yradius);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;

int xcenter, ycenter, i;

initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");

xcenter = getmaxx() / 2;

ycenter = getmaxy() / 2;

for (i=0; i函数名: fillpoly

功能: 画并填充一个多边形

用法: void far fillpoly(int numpoints, int far *polypoints);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int i, maxx, maxy;

/* our polygon array */

int poly[8];

/* initialize graphics, local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s\n",

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1);

/* terminate with an error code */

}

maxx = getmaxx();

maxy = getmaxy();

poly[0] = 20; /* 1st vertext */

poly[1] = maxy / 2;

poly[2] = maxx - 20; /* 2nd */

poly[3] = 20;

poly[4] = maxx - 50; /* 3rd */

poly[5] = maxy - 20;

4th vertex. fillpoly automatically

closes the polygon.

poly[6] = maxx / 2;

poly[7] = maxy / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */

for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i函数名: findfirst, findnext

功能: 搜索磁盘目录; 取得下一个匹配的findfirst模式的文件

用法: int findfirst(char *pathname, struct ffblk *ffblk, int attrib);

int findnext(struct ffblk *ffblk);

程序例:

/* findnext example */

#include ;

int main(void)

{

struct ffblk ffblk;

int done;

printf("Directory listing of *.*\n");

done = findfirst("*.*",&ffblk,0);

while (!done)

{

printf(" %s\n", ffblk.ff_name);

done = findnext(&ffblk);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: floodfill

功能: 填充一个有界区域

用法: void far floodfill(int x, int y, int border);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int maxx, maxy;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s\n",

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1);

/* terminate with an error code */

}

maxx = getmaxx();

maxy = getmaxy();

/* select drawing color */

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* select fill color */

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, getmaxcolor());

/* draw a border around the screen */

rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy);

/* draw some circles */

circle(maxx / 3, maxy /2, 50);

circle(maxx / 2, 20, 100);

circle(maxx-20, maxy-50, 75);

circle(20, maxy-20, 25);

/* wait for a key */

getch();

/* fill in bounded region */

floodfill(2, 2, getmaxcolor());

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: floor

功能: 向下舍入

用法: double floor(double x);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

double number = 123.54;

double down, up;

down = floor(number);

up = ceil(number);

printf("original number %10.2lf\n",

number);

printf("number rounded down %10.2lf\n",

down);

printf("number rounded up %10.2lf\n",

up);

return 0;

}

函数名: flushall

功能: 清除所有缓冲区

用法: int flushall(void);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

/* create a file */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* flush all open streams */

printf("%d streams were flushed.\n",

flushall());

/* close the file */

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: fmod

功能: 计算x对y的模, 即x/y的余数

用法: double fmod(double x, double y);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

double x = 5.0, y = 2.0;

double result;

result = fmod(x,y);

printf("The remainder of (%lf / %lf) is \

%lf\n", x, y, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: fnmerge

功能: 建立新文件名

用法: void fnerge(char *path, char *drive, char *dir);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char s[MAXPATH];

char drive[MAXDRIVE];

char dir[MAXDIR];

char file[MAXFILE];

char ext[MAXEXT];

getcwd(s,MAXPATH); /* get the current working directory */

strcat(s,"\\"); /* append on a trailing \ character */

fnsplit(s,drive,dir,file,ext); /* split the string to separate elems */

strcpy(file,"DATA");

strcpy(ext,".TXT");

fnmerge(s,drive,dir,file,ext); /* merge everything into one string */

puts(s); /* display resulting string */

return 0;

}

函数名: fopen

功能: 打开一个流

用法: FILE *fopen(char *filename, char *type);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *s;

char drive[MAXDRIVE];

char dir[MAXDIR];

char file[MAXFILE];

char ext[MAXEXT];

int flags;

s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */

flags=fnsplit(s,drive,dir,file,ext);

printf("Command processor info:\n");

if(flags & DRIVE)

printf("\tdrive: %s\n",drive);

if(flags & DIRECTORY)

printf("\tdirectory: %s\n",dir);

if(flags & FILENAME)

printf("\tfile: %s\n",file);

if(flags & EXTENSION)

printf("\textension: %s\n",ext);

return 0;

}

函数名: fprintf

功能: 传送格式化输出到一个流中

用法: int fprintf(FILE *stream, char *format[, argument,...]);

程序例:

/* Program to create backup of the

AUTOEXEC.BAT file */

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *in, *out;

if ((in = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAT", "rt"))

== NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open input \

file.\n");

return 1;

}

if ((out = fopen("\\AUTOEXEC.BAK", "wt"))

== NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output \

file.\n");

return 1;

}

while (!feof(in))

fputc(fgetc(in), out);

fclose(in);

fclose(out);

return 0;

}

函数名: FP_OFF

功能: 获取远地址偏移量

用法: unsigned FP_OFF(void far *farptr);

程序例:

/* FP_OFF */

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *str = "fpoff.c";

printf("The offset of this file in memory\

is: %Fp\n", FP_OFF(str));

return 0;

}

函数名: FP_SEG

功能: 获取远地址段值

用法: unsigned FP_SEG(void far *farptr);

程序例:

/* FP_SEG */

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *filename = "fpseg.c";

printf("The offset of this file in memory\

is: %Fp\n", FP_SEG(filename));

return(0);

}

函数名: fputc

功能: 送一个字符到一个流中

用法: int fputc(int ch, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char msg[] = "Hello world";

int i = 0;

while (msg)

{

fputc(msg, stdout);

i++;

}

return 0;

}

函数名: fputchar

功能: 送一个字符到标准输出流(stdout)中

用法: int fputchar(char ch);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char msg[] = "This is a test";

int i = 0;

while (msg)

{

fputchar(msg);

i++;

}

return 0;

}

函数名: fputs

功能: 送一个字符到一个流中

用法: int fputs(char *string, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* write a string to standard output */

fputs("Hello world\n", stdout);

return 0;

}

函数名: fread

功能: 从一个流中读数据

用法: int fread(void *ptr, int size, int nitems, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

char msg[] = "this is a test";

char buf[20];

if ((stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+"))

== NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr,

"Cannot open output file.\n");

return 1;

}

/* write some data to the file */

fwrite(msg, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);

/* seek to the beginning of the file */

fseek(stream, SEEK_SET, 0);

/* read the data and display it */

fread(buf, strlen(msg)+1, 1, stream);

printf("%s\n", buf);

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: free

功能: 释放已分配的块

用法: void free(void *ptr);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

char *str;

/* allocate memory for string */

str = malloc(10);

/* copy "Hello" to string */

strcpy(str, "Hello");

/* display string */

printf("String is %s\n", str);

/* free memory */

free(str);

return 0;

}

函数名: freemem

功能: 释放先前分配的DOS内存块

用法: int freemem(unsigned seg);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

unsigned int size, segp;

int stat;

size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */

stat = allocmem(size, &segp);

if (stat 函数名: freopen

功能: 替换一个流

用法: FILE *freopen(char *filename, char *type, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

/* redirect standard output to a file */

if (freopen("OUTPUT.FIL", "w", stdout)

== NULL)

fprintf(stderr, "error redirecting\

stdout\n");

/* this output will go to a file */

printf("This will go into a file.");

/* close the standard output stream */

fclose(stdout);

return 0;

}

函数名: frexp

功能: 把一个双精度数分解为尾数的指数

用法: double frexp(double value, int *eptr);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

double mantissa, number;

int exponent;

number = 8.0;

mantissa = frexp(number, &exponent);

printf("The number %lf is ", number);

printf("%lf times two to the ", mantissa);

printf("power of %d\n", exponent);

return 0;

}

函数名: fscanf

功能: 从一个流中执行格式化输入

用法: int fscanf(FILE *stream, char *format[,argument...]);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

int i;

printf("Input an integer: ");

/* read an integer from the

standard input stream */

if (fscanf(stdin, "%d", &i))

printf("The integer read was: %i\n",

i);

else

{

fprintf(stderr, "Error reading an \

integer from stdin.\n");

exit(1);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: fseek

功能: 重定位流上的文件指针

用法: int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int fromwhere);

程序例:

#include ;

long filesize(FILE *stream);

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");

fprintf(stream, "This is a test");

printf("Filesize of MYFILE.TXT is %ld bytes\n", filesize(stream));

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

long filesize(FILE *stream)

{

long curpos, length;

curpos = ftell(stream);

fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_END);

length = ftell(stream);

fseek(stream, curpos, SEEK_SET);

return length;

}

函数名: fsetpos

功能: 定位流上的文件指针

用法: int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos);

程序例:

#include ;

void showpos(FILE *stream);

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

fpos_t filepos;

/* open a file for update */

stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+");

/* save the file pointer position */

fgetpos(stream, &filepos);

/* write some data to the file */

fprintf(stream, "This is a test");

/* show the current file position */

showpos(stream);

/* set a new file position, display it */

if (fsetpos(stream, &filepos) == 0)

showpos(stream);

else

{

fprintf(stderr, "Error setting file \

pointer.\n");

exit(1);

}

/* close the file */

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

void showpos(FILE *stream)

{

fpos_t pos;

/* display the current file pointer

position of a stream */

fgetpos(stream, &pos);

printf("File position: %ld\n", pos);

}

函数名: fstat

功能: 获取打开文件信息

用法: int fstat(char *handle, struct stat *buff);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

struct stat statbuf;

FILE *stream;

/* open a file for update */

if ((stream = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w+"))

== NULL)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output \

file.\n");

return(1);

}

fprintf(stream, "This is a test");

fflush(stream);

/* get information about the file */

fstat(fileno(stream), &statbuf);

fclose(stream);

/* display the information returned */

if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)

printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");

if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)

printf("Handle refers to an ordinary \

file.\n");

if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)

printf("User has read permission on \

file.\n");

if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)

printf("User has write permission on \

file.\n");

printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n",

'A'+statbuf.st_dev);

printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n",

statbuf.st_size);

printf("Time file last opened: %s\n",

ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));

return 0;

}

函数名: ftell

功能: 返回当前文件指针

用法: long ftell(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");

fprintf(stream, "This is a test");

printf("The file pointer is at byte \

%ld\n", ftell(stream));

fclose(stream);

return 0;

}

函数名: fwrite

功能: 写内容到流中

用法: int fwrite(void *ptr, int size, int nitems, FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include ;

struct mystruct

{

int i;

char ch;

};

int main(void)

{

FILE *stream;

struct mystruct s;

if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", "wb")) == NULL) /* open file TEST.$$$ */

{

fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");

return 1;

}

s.i = 0;

s.ch = 'A';

fwrite(&s, sizeof(s), 1, stream); /* write struct s to file */

fclose(stream); /* close file */

return 0;

}

wangleide414

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