input子系统分析二

input子系统最重要的部分就是向上层report了。这里还是先介绍几个数据结构:

struct input_event {  
    struct timeval time;  //事件发生的时间   
    __u16 type;           //事件类型   
    __u16 code;           //子事件   
    __s32 value;          //事件的value   
};  
struct evdev_client {  
    struct input_event buffer[EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE];//可以同时管理EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE(64)个事件   
    int head; //存储事件从head开始   
    int tail; //取出事件从tail开始   
    spinlock_t buffer_lock; /* protects access to buffer, head and tail */     
    struct fasync_struct *fasync;//异步通知事件发生   
    struct evdev *evdev;//指向本evdev_client归属的evdev   
    struct list_head node; //用于挂载到evdev的链表头client_list上   
};
static struct input_handler evdev_handler = {  
    .event      = evdev_event,  
    .connect    = evdev_connect,  
    .disconnect = evdev_disconnect,  
    .fops       = &evdev_fops,  
    .minor      = EVDEV_MINOR_BASE,  
    .name       = "evdev",  
    .id_table   = evdev_ids,  
}; 
这里的次设备号是EVDEV_MINOR_BASE(64),也就是说evdev_handler所表示的设备文件范围(13,64)~(13,64+32)。
如下一个结构体:evdev_handler匹配所有设备。

static const struct input_device_id evdev_ids[] = {  
    { .driver_info = 1 },   /* Matches all devices */  
    { },            /* Terminating zero entry */  
}; 
这个是evdev_handler是fops,下面的讲解中会用到其中的open,read函数。

static const struct file_operations evdev_fops = {  
    .owner      = THIS_MODULE,  
    .read       = evdev_read,  
    .write      = evdev_write,  
    .poll       = evdev_poll,  
    .open       = evdev_open,  
    .release    = evdev_release,  
    .unlocked_ioctl = evdev_ioctl,  
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT   
    .compat_ioctl   = evdev_ioctl_compat,  
#endif   
    .fasync     = evdev_fasync,  
    .flush      = evdev_flush  
}; 
在驱动程序中我们会调用input_report_abs等函数:
static inline void input_report_abs(struct input_dev *dev, unsigned int code, int value)  
{  
    input_event(dev, EV_ABS, code, value);  
}
跟踪input_event如下:

void input_event(struct input_dev *dev,unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)  
{  
    unsigned long flags;  
  
    if (is_event_supported(type, dev->evbit, EV_MAX)) {  
  
        spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->event_lock, flags);  
        /*利用输入值调正随机数产生器*/  
        add_input_randomness(type, code, value);  
        input_handle_event(dev, type, code, value);  
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->event_lock, flags);  
    }  
}  
跟踪input_handle_event如下:
static void input_handle_event(struct input_dev *dev,  
                   unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)  
{  
    int disposition = INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT;  
  
    switch (type) {  
    。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。  
    if (disposition != INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT && type != EV_SYN)  
        dev->sync = 0;  
  
    if ((disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE) && dev->event)  
        dev->event(dev, type, code, value);  
  
    if (disposition & INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS)  
        input_pass_event(dev, type, code, value);  
}  
如果该事件需要input device来完成,就会将disposition设置成INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE,如果需要input handler来完成,就会将disposition设置成INPUT_PASS_TO_DEVICE,如果需要两者都参与,则将disposition设置成INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL。
跟踪input_pass_event如下:

static void input_pass_event(struct input_dev *dev,  
                 unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)  
{  
    struct input_handle *handle;  
  
    rcu_read_lock();  
    /**/  
    handle = rcu_dereference(dev->grab);  
    if (handle)  
        /*如果input_dev的grab指向了一个handle,就用这个handle关联的handler的event,否则遍历整个挂在input_dev的h_list上的handle关联的handler*/  
        handle->handler->event(handle, type, code, value);  
    else  
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(handle, &dev->h_list, d_node)  
            if (handle->open)  
                handle->handler->event(handle,  
                            type, code, value);  
    rcu_read_unlock();  
}  
比如下边的evdev_handler的evdev_event:

static void evdev_event(struct input_handle *handle,  
            unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)  
{  
    struct evdev *evdev = handle->private;  
    struct evdev_client *client;  
    struct input_event event;  
  
    do_gettimeofday(&event.time);  
    event.type = type;  
    event.code = code;  
    event.value = value;  
  
    rcu_read_lock();  
    client = rcu_dereference(evdev->grab);  
    if (client)  
    /*如果evdev->grab指向一个当前使用的client就将event放到这个client的buffer中,否则放到整个client_list上的client的链表中*/  
        evdev_pass_event(client, &event);  
    else  
        list_for_each_entry_rcu(client, &evdev->client_list, node)  
            evdev_pass_event(client, &event);  
  
    rcu_read_unlock();  
  
    wake_up_interruptible(&evdev->wait);  
}  
static void evdev_pass_event(struct evdev_client *client,  
                 struct input_event *event)  
{  
    /* 
     * Interrupts are disabled, just acquire the lock 
     */  
    spin_lock(&client->buffer_lock);  
    /*将event装入client的buffer中,buffer是一个环形缓存区*/  
    client->buffer[client->head++] = *event;  
    client->head &= EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1;  
    spin_unlock(&client->buffer_lock);  
  
    kill_fasync(&client->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);  
}  

这里总结一下事件的传递过程:首先在驱动层中,调用inport_report_abs,然后他调用了input core层的input_event,input_event调用了input_handle_event对事件进行分派,调用input_pass_event,在这里他会把事件传递给具体的handler层,然后在相应handler的event处理函数中,封装一个event,然后把它投入evdev的那个client_list上的client的事件buffer中,等待用户空间来读取。

当用户空间打开设备节点/dev/input/event0~/dev/input/event4的时候,会使用input_fops中的input_open_file()函数,input_open_file()->evdev_open()(如果handler是evdev的话)->evdev_open_device()->input_open_device()->dev->open()。也就是struct file_operations input_fops提供了通用接口,最终会调用具体input_dev的open函数。下边看一下用户程序打开文件时的过程,首先调用了input_open_file:

static int input_open_file(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)  
{  
    struct input_handler *handler;  
    const struct file_operations *old_fops, *new_fops = NULL;  
    int err;  
  
    lock_kernel();  
    /* No load-on-demand here? */  
    /*因为32个input_dev公共一个handler所以低5位应该是相同的*/  
    handler = input_table[iminor(inode) >> 5];  
    if (!handler || !(new_fops = fops_get(handler->fops))) {  
        err = -ENODEV;  
        goto out;  
    }  
  
    /* 
     * That's _really_ odd. Usually NULL ->open means "nothing special", 
     * not "no device". Oh, well... 
     */  
    if (!new_fops->open) {  
        fops_put(new_fops);  
        err = -ENODEV;  
        goto out;  
    }  
    /*保存以前的fops,使用相应的handler的fops*/  
    old_fops = file->f_op;  
    file->f_op = new_fops;  
  
    err = new_fops->open(inode, file);  
  
    if (err) {  
        fops_put(file->f_op);  
        file->f_op = fops_get(old_fops);  
    }  
    fops_put(old_fops);  
out:  
    unlock_kernel();  
    return err;  
}  
这里还是假设handler是evdev_handler。

static int evdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)  
{  
    struct evdev *evdev;  
    struct evdev_client *client;  
    /*因为次设备号是从EVDEV_MINOR_BASE开始的*/  
    int i = iminor(inode) - EVDEV_MINOR_BASE;  
    int error;  
      
    if (i >= EVDEV_MINORS)  
        return -ENODEV;  
  
    error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev_table_mutex);  
    if (error)  
        return error;  
    /*evdev_table一共可容纳32个成员,找到次设备号对应的那个*/  
    evdev = evdev_table[i];  
    if (evdev)  
        get_device(&evdev->dev);  
    mutex_unlock(&evdev_table_mutex);  
  
    if (!evdev)  
        return -ENODEV;  
    /*打开的时候创建一个client*/  
    client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct evdev_client), GFP_KERNEL);  
    if (!client) {  
        error = -ENOMEM;  
        goto err_put_evdev;  
    }  
  
    spin_lock_init(&client->buffer_lock);  
    /*下边两句的作用就是将evdev和client绑定到一起*/  
    client->evdev = evdev;  
    evdev_attach_client(evdev, client);  
  
    error = evdev_open_device(evdev);  
    if (error)  
        goto err_free_client;  
    /*将file->private_data指向刚刚建的client,后边会用到的*/  
    file->private_data = client;  
    return 0;  
  
 err_free_client:  
    evdev_detach_client(evdev, client);  
    kfree(client);  
 err_put_evdev:  
    put_device(&evdev->dev);  
    return error;  
}  
static int evdev_open_device(struct evdev *evdev)  
{  
    int retval;  
  
    retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&evdev->mutex);  
    if (retval)  
        return retval;  
    /*如果设备不存在,返回错误*/  
    if (!evdev->exist)  
        retval = -ENODEV;  
    /*如果是被第一次打开,则调用input_open_device*/  
    else if (!evdev->open++) {  
        retval = input_open_device(&evdev->handle);  
        if (retval)  
            evdev->open--;  
    }  
  
    mutex_unlock(&evdev->mutex);  
    return retval;  
}  
int input_open_device(struct input_handle *handle)  
{  
    struct input_dev *dev = handle->dev;  
    int retval;  
  
    retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->mutex);  
    if (retval)  
        return retval;  
  
    if (dev->going_away) {  
        retval = -ENODEV;  
        goto out;  
    }  
  
    handle->open++;  
  
    if (!dev->users++ && dev->open)  
        retval = dev->open(dev);  
  
    if (retval) {  
        dev->users--;  
        if (!--handle->open) {  
            /* 
             * Make sure we are not delivering any more events 
             * through this handle 
             */  
            synchronize_rcu();  
        }  
    }  
  
 out:  
    mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);  
    return retval;  
}  
下面是用户进程读取event的底层实现:
static ssize_t evdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer,  
              size_t count, loff_t *ppos)  
{  
    /*这个就是刚才在open函数中*/  
    struct evdev_client *client = file->private_data;  
    struct evdev *evdev = client->evdev;  
    struct input_event event;  
    int retval;  
  
    if (count < input_event_size())  
        return -EINVAL;  
    /*如果client的环形缓冲区中没有数据并且是非阻塞的,那么返回-EAGAIN,也就是try again*/  
    if (client->head == client->tail && evdev->exist &&  
        (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))  
        return -EAGAIN;  
    /*如果没有数据,并且是阻塞的,则在等待队列上等待吧*/  
    retval = wait_event_interruptible(evdev->wait,  
        client->head != client->tail || !evdev->exist);  
    if (retval)  
        return retval;  
  
    if (!evdev->exist)  
        return -ENODEV;  
    /*如果获得了数据则取出来,调用evdev_fetch_next_event*/  
    while (retval + input_event_size() <= count &&  
           evdev_fetch_next_event(client, &event)) {  
        /*input_event_to_user调用copy_to_user传入用户程序中,这样读取完成*/  
        if (input_event_to_user(buffer + retval, &event))  
            return -EFAULT;  
  
        retval += input_event_size();  
    }  
  
    return retval;  
}  
static int evdev_fetch_next_event(struct evdev_client *client,  
                  struct input_event *event)  
{  
    int have_event;  
  
    spin_lock_irq(&client->buffer_lock);  
    /*先判断一下是否有数据*/  
    have_event = client->head != client->tail;  
    /*如果有就从环形缓冲区的取出来,记得是从head存储,tail取出*/  
    if (have_event) {  
        *event = client->buffer[client->tail++];  
        client->tail &= EVDEV_BUFFER_SIZE - 1;  
    }  
  
    spin_unlock_irq(&client->buffer_lock);  
  
    return have_event;  
}  
int input_event_to_user(char __user *buffer,  
            const struct input_event *event)  
{  
    /*如果设置了标志INPUT_COMPAT_TEST就将事件event包装成结构体compat_event*/  
    if (INPUT_COMPAT_TEST) {  
        struct input_event_compat compat_event;  
  
        compat_event.time.tv_sec = event->time.tv_sec;  
        compat_event.time.tv_usec = event->time.tv_usec;  
        compat_event.type = event->type;  
        compat_event.code = event->code;  
        compat_event.value = event->value;  
        /*将包装成的compat_event拷贝到用户空间*/  
        if (copy_to_user(buffer, &compat_event,  
                 sizeof(struct input_event_compat)))  
            return -EFAULT;  
  
    } else {  
        /*否则,将event拷贝到用户空间*/  
        if (copy_to_user(buffer, event, sizeof(struct input_event)))  
            return -EFAULT;  
    }  
  
    return 0;  
}  
这里总结一下:如果两个进程打开同一个文件,每个进程在打开时都会生成一个evdev_client,evdev_client被挂在evdev的client_list,在handle收到一个事件的时候,会把事件copy到挂在client_list上的所有evdev_client的buffer中。这样所有打开同一个设备的进程都会收到这个消息而唤醒。

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