static int inet_create( struct net * net, struct socket * sock, int protocol, int kern) { struct sock * sk; struct inet_protosw * answer; struct inet_sock * inet; struct proto * answer_prot; unsigned char answer_flags; char answer_no_check; int try_loading_module = 0; int err; if ( unlikely( ! inet_ehash_secret) ) if ( sock- > type ! = SOCK_RAW & & sock- > type ! = SOCK_DGRAM ) build_ehash_secret( ) ;
当socket为UDP时,sock->type = SOCK_DGRAM。所以这里不会调用到huild_ehash_secret()————其实这个函数是为了产生一个随机的数赋给inet_ehash_secret————暂时还不知道这个变量的确切用途。
通过sock->type和protocol在inetsw链表中找到对应的proto;
/* Look for the requested type/protocol pair. */ lookup_protocol: err = - ESOCKTNOSUPPORT; rcu_read_lock( ) ; list_for_each_entry_rcu( answer, & inetsw[ sock- > type] , list ) { err = 0; /* Check the non-wild match. */ if ( protocol = = answer- > protocol) { if ( protocol ! = IPPROTO_IP ) break ; } else { /* Check for the two wild cases. */ if ( IPPROTO_IP = = protocol) { protocol = answer- > protocol; break ; } if ( IPPROTO_IP = = answer- > protocol) break ; } err = - EPROTONOSUPPORT; }
从以上代码可以看出,IPPROTO_IP是作为一个wild protocol使用的。首先是尽量寻找与参数protocol完全匹配的协议,如果找不到完全匹配的,如果参数是IPPROTO_IP,那么任一protocol都可以使用,如果找到PPROTO_IP协议的话,就使用该协议。
inetsw是一个static的全局变量
static struct list_head inetsw[ SOCK_MAX] ;
该全局变量在函数inet_init中初始化
static int __init inet_init( void ) { /*
Skip some codes
*/
/* Register the socket-side information for inet_create. */ for ( r = & inetsw[ 0] ; r < & inetsw[ SOCK_MAX] ; + + r) INIT_LIST_HEAD( r) ; for ( q = inetsw_array; q < & inetsw_array[ INETSW_ARRAY_LEN] ; + + q) inet_register_protosw( q) ;
通过inetsw_array来初始化inetsw,那么在inetsw中保存的协议顺序就与inetsw相同。
/* Upon startup we insert all the elements in inetsw_array[] into * the linked list inetsw. */ static struct inet_protosw inetsw_array[ ] = { { . type = SOCK_STREAM , . protocol = IPPROTO_TCP , . prot = & tcp_prot, . ops = & inet_stream_ops, . no_check = 0, . flags = INET_PROTOSW_PERMANENT | INET_PROTOSW_ICSK, } , { . type = SOCK_DGRAM , . protocol = IPPROTO_UDP , . prot = & udp_prot, . ops = & inet_dgram_ops, . no_check = UDP_CSUM_DEFAULT, . flags = INET_PROTOSW_PERMANENT, } , { . type = SOCK_RAW , . protocol = IPPROTO_IP , /* wild card */ . prot = & raw_prot, . ops = & inet_sockraw_ops, . no_check = UDP_CSUM_DEFAULT, . flags = INET_PROTOSW_REUSE, } } ;
那么对于UDP来说,再找到对应的UDP protocol后,answer就指向inetsw_array[1]。
sock- > ops = answer- > ops; answer_prot = answer- > prot; answer_no_check = answer- > no_check; answer_flags = answer- > flags; rcu_read_unlock( ) ;
对于UDP来说,sock->ops就指向inet_dgram_ops,answer_prot就是udp_prot,answer_no_check为UDP_CSUM_DEFAULT,answer_flags为INET_PROTOSW_PERMANENT。
下面是inet_dgram_ops的定义
const struct proto_ops inet_dgram_ops = { . family = PF_INET , . owner = THIS_MODULE, . release = inet_release, . bind = inet_bind, . connect = inet_dgram_connect, . socketpair = sock_no_socketpair, . accept = sock_no_accept, . getname = inet_getname, . poll = udp_poll, . ioctl = inet_ioctl, . listen = sock_no_listen, . shutdown = inet_shutdown, . setsockopt = sock_common_setsockopt, . getsockopt = sock_common_getsockopt, . sendmsg = inet_sendmsg, . recvmsg = inet_recvmsg, . mmap = sock_no_mmap, . sendpage = inet_sendpage, # ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT . compat_setsockopt = compat_sock_common_setsockopt, . compat_getsockopt = compat_sock_common_getsockopt, # endif } ;
answer_prot的定义是
struct proto udp_prot = { . name = "UDP" , . owner = THIS_MODULE, . close = udp_lib_close, . connect = ip4_datagram_connect, . disconnect = udp_disconnect, . ioctl = udp_ioctl, . destroy = udp_destroy_sock, . setsockopt = udp_setsockopt, . getsockopt = udp_getsockopt, . sendmsg = udp_sendmsg, . recvmsg = udp_recvmsg, . sendpage = udp_sendpage, . backlog_rcv = __udp_queue_rcv_skb, . hash = udp_lib_hash, . unhash = udp_lib_unhash, . rehash = udp_v4_rehash, . get_port = udp_v4_get_port, . memory_allocated = & udp_memory_allocated, . sysctl_mem = sysctl_udp_mem, . sysctl_wmem = & sysctl_udp_wmem_min, . sysctl_rmem = & sysctl_udp_rmem_min, . obj_size = sizeof ( struct udp_sock) , . slab_flags = SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU, . h. udp_table = & udp_table, # ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT . compat_setsockopt = compat_udp_setsockopt, . compat_getsockopt = compat_udp_getsockopt, # endif } ;
继续后面的代码
err = - ENOBUFS; sk = sk_alloc( net, PF_INET , GFP_KERNEL, answer_prot) ; if ( sk = = NULL ) goto out; err = 0; sk- > sk_no_check = answer_no_check; if ( INET_PROTOSW_REUSE & answer_flags) sk- > sk_reuse = 1;
首先申请一个struct sock的内存,然后sk->sk_no_check用于表示是否检查checksum,1为不检查,0为检查。通过与INET_PROTOSW_REUSE的位与操作——该宏表示这个协议是自动重用socket。
inet = inet_sk( sk) ; inet- > is_icsk = ( INET_PROTOSW_ICSK & answer_flags) ! = 0; inet- > nodefrag = 0;
首先,将通用sock结构用函数inet_sk转为inet_sock——UDP的域是AF_INET,然后与宏 INET_PROTOSW_ICSK相与来确定是否是基于连接——查看inetsw_array,只有TCP是有这个标志的。inet->nodefrag设为0,是允许分片。
if ( SOCK_RAW = = sock- > type) { inet- > inet_num = protocol; if ( IPPROTO_RAW = = protocol) inet- > hdrincl = 1; }
如果创建的是RAW socket,那么就以protocol协议号作为本地端口。如果protocol是 IPPROTO_RAW,那么就给inet->hdincl置1,表示由用户来创建IP头,而不再由内核添加IP头。
if ( ipv4_config. no_pmtu_disc) inet- > pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DONT; else inet- > pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_WANT; inet- > inet_id = 0;
设置MTU的策略——这里说策略不太合适,IP_PMTUDISC_DONT表示不对frame帧分片,IP_PMTUDISC_WANT表示通过route转发过来的包来确定最小的MTU。然后初始化inet_id.
sock_init_data( sock, sk) ; sk- > sk_destruct = inet_sock_destruct; sk- > sk_protocol = protocol; sk- > sk_backlog_rcv = sk- > sk_prot- > backlog_rcv; 初始化sk的结构体。 inet- > uc_ttl = - 1; inet- > mc_loop = 1; inet- > mc_ttl = 1; inet- > mc_all = 1; inet- > mc_index = 0; inet- > mc_list = NULL ; sk_refcnt_debug_inc( sk) ;
初始化剩余的inet的成员变量,这些变量的含义可以直接看inet_sock结构体的注释,很清晰。uc_ttl表示单播ttl,mc_loop表示回环是否有效,mc_ttl表示组播ttl,mc_all是为了支持新的socket option IP_MULTICAST_ALL,如果设置了这个标志,表示所有发往端口的组播都会传给这个socket,如果没有设置,那么只有加入了的组的组播才会传给socket。
if ( inet- > inet_num) { /* It assumes that any protocol which allows * the user to assign a number at socket * creation time automatically * shares. */ inet- > inet_sport = htons ( inet- > inet_num) ; /* Add to protocol hash chains. */ sk- > sk_prot- > hash( sk) ; } if ( sk- > sk_prot- > init) { err = sk- > sk_prot- > init( sk) ; if ( err) sk_common_release( sk) ; }
当inet->inet_num不为0时,设置inet的source port,并把sk加到hash表中——对于UDP,不会执行这个。如果该协议有init函数,就调用init。通过inetsw_array可知,udp是没有init函数的,而tcp和ip,raw的init函数分别为tcp_v4_init_sock,raw_init。
到此,UDP的socket已经建立成功了。