本部分将分两部分来讲解。
1、android 内存回收机制,即采用了 Low Memory Killer。
2、正对Low Memory Killer回收机制,那么应用程序需要在 onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory 方法中怎么处理,来降低系统对APP进程的回收率。
- 第二步;MIUI、华为等非原生系统,第三方软件等,将APP杀死之后,APP的重启方式。
详见:https://blog.csdn.net/wangqiubo2010/article/details/79619996
一、android 进程回收机制。
- AMS 和 Low Memory Killer 之间的通讯。
a、进程的回收 是通过进程的重要程度机制来确定回收的,重要的程度低的并且内存占用大的会最先被回收。
b、因此当收到进程需要回收通告的时候,可以在 onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory中对本APP某些占用内存比较大的进行清除,以降低APP进程被杀死的概率。
c、进程的重要程度,是AMS来计算得到的,即是 oom_adj,本变量代表了一个进程的重要程度。
d、 Low Memory Killer 是linux系统中的,它只知道每个APP所占用的内存大小,但是并参与 oom_adj 的计算,因此当要发生GC防止OOM, Low Memory Killer 和 AMS进行通讯,AMS根据计算得到的oom_adj传送给了Low Memory Killer,Low Memory Killer 通过 oom_adj 来杀死 oom_adj( 值越大重要程度越低) 比较高的,并且占用内存比较大的进程,从而释放内存。
d、oom_adj中,重要程度排列依次为 前台进程(Forgroud process,oom_adj = 0)、可见进程(Visible Process,oom_adj = 1 ),服务进程(Service process)、后台进程(Background process)、空进程(Empty process)
e、oom_adj 进程值及其注解见下图。
f、oom_adj 的值源码在放在ProcessList.java中,以下源码是android 25中的,可能版本不一样,在android 25中该值已经发生了变化,如下:
// Uninitialized value for any major or minor adj fields
static final int INVALID_ADJ = -10000;
// Adjustment used in certain places where we don't know it yet.
// (Generally this is something that is going to be cached, but we
// don't know the exact value in the cached range to assign yet.)
static final int UNKNOWN_ADJ = 1001;
// This is a process only hosting activities that are not visible,
// so it can be killed without any disruption.
static final int CACHED_APP_MAX_ADJ = 906;
static final int CACHED_APP_MIN_ADJ = 900;
// The B list of SERVICE_ADJ -- these are the old and decrepit
// services that aren't as shiny and interesting as the ones in the A list.
static final int SERVICE_B_ADJ = 800;
// This is the process of the previous application that the user was in.
// This process is kept above other things, because it is very common to
// switch back to the previous app. This is important both for recent
// task switch (toggling between the two top recent apps) as well as normal
// UI flow such as clicking on a URI in the e-mail app to view in the browser,
// and then pressing back to return to e-mail.
static final int PREVIOUS_APP_ADJ = 700;
// This is a process holding the home application -- we want to try
// avoiding killing it, even if it would normally be in the background,
// because the user interacts with it so much.
static final int HOME_APP_ADJ = 600;
// This is a process holding an application service -- killing it will not
// have much of an impact as far as the user is concerned.
static final int SERVICE_ADJ = 500;
// This is a process with a heavy-weight application. It is in the
// background, but we want to try to avoid killing it. Value set in
// system/rootdir/init.rc on startup.
static final int HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ = 400;
// This is a process currently hosting a backup operation. Killing it
// is not entirely fatal but is generally a bad idea.
static final int BACKUP_APP_ADJ = 300;
// This is a process only hosting components that are perceptible to the
// user, and we really want to avoid killing them, but they are not
// immediately visible. An example is background music playback.
static final int PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ = 200;
// This is a process only hosting activities that are visible to the
// user, so we'd prefer they don't disappear.
static final int VISIBLE_APP_ADJ = 100;
static final int VISIBLE_APP_LAYER_MAX = PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ - VISIBLE_APP_ADJ - 1;
// This is the process running the current foreground app. We'd really
// rather not kill it!
static final int FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ = 0;
// This is a process that the system or a persistent process has bound to,
// and indicated it is important.
static final int PERSISTENT_SERVICE_ADJ = -700;
// This is a system persistent process, such as telephony. Definitely
// don't want to kill it, but doing so is not completely fatal.
static final int PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ = -800;
// The system process runs at the default adjustment.
static final int SYSTEM_ADJ = -900;
// Special code for native processes that are not being managed by the system (so
// don't have an oom adj assigned by the system).
static final int NATIVE_ADJ = -1000;
二、命令行对进程信息的分析。
- 保证电脑上adb可以使用,如果adb 提示 “不是命令”,环境配置 Path中增加 adb地址,例如:D:\develop tool\sdk\platform-tools
- 命令按照以下顺序执行:
a、adb shell
b、 dumsys meminfo
执行以上命令行之后,则输出结果如下:
通过以上截图,可以知道,我当前的app是交互的APP。
c、dumsys meminfo com.uuch.android_zxinglibrary ;查看本进程的详细信息,截图如下:
以上截图对本APP的详细信息进行了介绍,并且设计性能分析情况也有了说明。
三、onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory详解。
通过以上分析知道了android对于进行的回收策略是 LowMemoryKiller,具体的思想是当内存吃紧需要进行进程回收的时候,则LowMemoryKiller 会最先把进程的oom_adj 值高(重要程度低),占用内存高的进程进行回收。回收之前AMS会发送信息,调用 onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory。因此,通过在 onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory中对本进程的某些内存进行一部分释放,则可以降低被kill的概率,提高存活率。例如, onLowMemory 和 onTrimMemory 对占用内存比较高的Bitmap进行清理,回来的时候再进行加载。
- onLowMemory 是 ComponentCallbacks 接口中的方法,onTrimMemory(int level) 是 ComponentCallbacks2 接口中的方法,onTrimMemory 是在4.0之后增加的。
- onLowMemory 的调用时机是,当后台线程全部被杀死之后,则调用onLowMemory (),也就是当最后一个后台线程别杀死之后,则onLowMemory 会被调用。
- onTrimMemory(int level),则在后台线程有无情况下,都有可能被调用,具体看定义的策略,也就是参数level的定义。
onLowMemory 、onTrimMemory在以下组件中存在,同时也可以自定义即是实现ComponentCallbacks 和 ComponentCallbacks2 并注册。
Activity、service、Fragment、ContentProvider、Application。onTrimMemory(int level),调用策略的分类,见ComponentCallbacks2 的定义。
a、TRIM_MEMORY_COMPLETE,内存不足时,当本进程是后台进程列表中的最后一个进程时 才调用。
b、TRIM_MEMORY_MODERATE,内存不足时,当本进程存在于后台进程列表中间的时候就调用。
c、TRIM_MEMORY_BACKGROUND,内存不足时,本进程后台进程的时候就调用,无论其位置在后台进程列表哪个位置,只要触发了就调用。
e、TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_CRITICAL,内存不足,并且后台进程不足3个,该进程优先级比较高则调用。
f、TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_LOW,内存不足,并且后台进程不足5个,该进程优先级比较低则调用。
g、TRIM_MEMORY_RUNNING_MODERATE:内存不足(后台进程超过5个),并且该进程优先级比较高,需要清理内存。
h、TRIM_MEMORY_UI_HIDDEN,内存不足,并且UI如果已经隐藏,则调用清理资源。
见下图: