Hibernate的注解开发之数据的三种关系介绍，表结构一对一

我们常在设计表时会使用到三种表结构
一对一
一对多
多对多
今天分享这三种关系在Hibernate中的实现方式：


一对一

这里举个例子 是我们人和身份证的ID

首先需要在

hibernate.cfg.xml中添加映射

<mapping class="cn.itheima.onetoone.User" />
<mapping class="cn.itheima.onetoone.IDCard" />

基于外键映射的注解开发

User.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;


@Entity // 声明一个实体类
@Table(name = "tbl_user") // 描述类与表对应
public class User {
	@Id // 主键
	@GenericGenerator(strategy = "uuid", name = "myuuid") // 自定义，使用uuid作为主键
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "myuuid")
	private String id;
	private String name;
	/*
	 * 这是一对一的注解，
	 * 参数targetEntity是指将要关联的类，这个也可以不指定
	 * 参数mappedBy是指当前类对应的表放弃主键维护，相当于配置文件中的inverse="true"
	 * 注意：这里的mappedBy = "user"   的user是类IDCard的属性名private User user;
	 */
	@OneToOne(targetEntity = IDCard.class, mappedBy = "user")
	private IDCard idcard;
	
	/*
	 * 提供get/set方法
	 */
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public IDCard getIdcard() {
		return idcard;
	}

	public void setIdcard(IDCard idcard) {
		this.idcard = idcard;
	}

}

IDCard.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity //声明一个实体类
@Table(name="tbl_idcard")//描述类与表对应
public class IDCard {
	@Id
	@GenericGenerator(strategy = "uuid", name = "myuuid") // 自定义，使用uuid作为主键
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "myuuid")
	private String id;
	private String num;
		
	@OneToOne(targetEntity=User.class)//同样指定为OneToOne
	/*
	 * 外键的名字c_user_id
	 */
	@JoinColumn(name="c_user_id",unique=true)
	/*
	 *级联保存使用 
	 */
	@Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)
	private User user;
	
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getNum() {
		return num;
	}

	public void setNum(String name) {
		this.num = name;
	}

	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	
}

测试类

UserIdCardTest.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;



import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itheima.utils.HibernateUtils;

public class UserIdCardTest {
	/*
	 * 测试外键连接方式
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("王小刚");
		IDCard card = new IDCard();
		card.setNum("500323193809013424533");
		
		card.setUser(user);
		
		session.save(card);
		
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

数据库结果

tbl_user

tbl_idcard

基于主键映射的注解开发

描述丈夫与妻子的关系

hibernate的核心配置文件

hibernate.cfg.xml

<mapping class="cn.itheima.onetoone.Wife" />
<mapping class="cn.itheima.onetoone.Husband" />

wife.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.PrimaryKeyJoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType;

@Entity //声明一个实体类
@Table(name="tbl_wife")//描述类与表对应
public class Wife {
	//主键标记
	@Id
	//生成主键策略
	@GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	//设置一对一对应
	@OneToOne
	@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
	//级联保存
	@Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)
	private Husband husband;

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Husband getHusband() {
		return husband;
	}

	public void setHusband(Husband husband) {
		this.husband = husband;
	}




}

Husband.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
import javax.persistence.PrimaryKeyJoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Parameter;

@Entity // 声明一个实体类
@Table(name = "tbl_husband") // 描述类与表对应
public class Husband {
	@Id
	/*
	 * 定义一个与wife对象的主键映射
	 */
	@GenericGenerator(name = "myforeignKey", strategy = "foreign", parameters = {
			@Parameter(name = "property", value = "wife") })
	@GeneratedValue(generator="myforeignKey")
	//设置级联保存
	@Cascade(CascadeType.SAVE_UPDATE)
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	//设定一对一对应关系
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="husband")
	@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
	private Wife wife;

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Wife getWife() {
		return wife;
	}

	public void setWife(Wife wife) {
		this.wife = wife;
	}

}

测试类

HusbandWifeTest.java

package cn.itheima.onetoone;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.itheima.utils.HibernateUtils;

public class HusbandWifeTest {
	@Test
	public void test1(){
		Session session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			Husband husband = new Husband();
			husband.setName("小明");
			Wife wife = new Wife();
			wife.setName("小红");
		
			wife.setHusband(husband);
			husband.setWife(wife);
		
			session.save(husband);
			transaction.commit();
		}catch(Exception e){
			transaction.rollback();
		}finally{			
			session.close();		
		}
	}
}

运行结果：