TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已定义级别6_测试生命周期和集成5

Generic Practices by Goals 通用目的和实践

GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 建立可管理的流程

GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy 建立组织方针

Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Test Lifecycle and Integration process. Elaboration The policy for test lifecycle and integration typically specifies:  A set of standard test processes for use in the organization is established and maintained  The organization test process assets are made available across the organization  A standard test lifecycle is defined for each test level  Standards and guidelines are available for test (work) products at each lifecycle phase  The defined test lifecycle is integrated with the development lifecycle  Master test planning coordinates test activities over multiple test levels  The test levels that are governed by means of a master test plan  Master test planning is aligned with the organization-wide or program-wide test strategy  Testing is involved at an early stage of development

GP 2.2 Plan the process

Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Test Lifecycle and Integration process. Elaboration The plan for establishing and maintaining the organization’s standard test processes and test process assets can be part of (or referenced by) the organization’s test process improvement plan. Typically, the plan for establishing the master test plan is included in the project plan, which is described in the CMMI process area Project Planning.

GP 2.3 Provide resources

Provide adequate resources for performing the Test Lifecycle and Integration process, developing the test work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration A test technology manager, supported by a test process group, manages the definition of organization’s standard test processes. The test process group is typically staffed by a core of test professionals. The test process group is supported by test process owners, a process improvement manager and people with expertise in various testing and other disciplines. Examples of other resources provided for defining and maintaining the organization’s standard test processes include the following tools:  Database management tools  Process modeling tools  Web page builders Examples of resources for establishing the master test plan include the following:  For the master test plan a documented and approved assignment exists for testing typically covering issues and expectation regarding goals and objectives, exit criteria, items and features to be tested and not to be tested, type of testing to be performed, imposed standards, cost, schedule and resource constraints  Adequate time is provided to test management to perform the master test planning activities  Experienced individuals, who have expertise in the application domain of the test object and those who have expertise on the development process are available to support the development of the master test plan  Tools to support the master test planning process are available, e.g., project planning and scheduling tools, estimation tools, risk assessment tools, test management tools and configuration management tools

GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities

Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Test Lifecycle and Integration process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the Test Lifecycle and Integration process. Elaboration A test technology manager, supported by a test process group, is often designated to be responsible for managing the definition of the organization’s standard test processes. The test process group is typically staffed by a core of test professionals. The test process group is supported by test process owners, a process improvement manager and people with expertise in various testing and other disciplines. A test manager is typically designated to be responsible for negotiating commitments and developing the master test plan. The test manager, either directly or by delegation, coordinates the project’s master test planning process.

GP 2.5 Train people

Train the people performing or supporting the Test Lifecycle and Integration process as needed. Elaboration Individuals involved in establishing the set of organizational test process assets are trained in developing and maintaining processes. Examples of training topics include the following:  TMMi, CMMI and other (test) process reference models  Planning, managing and monitoring processes  Process modeling and definition  Developing a tailorable standard process  Developing work environment standards  Ergonomics Test management, and other individuals or groups involved, are trained in master test planning and the accompanying procedures and techniques. Examples of training topics include the following:  Planning principles  Test strategy  Product and project risk assessment process and techniques  Defining a test approach  Test plan templates and standards  Organizational structures  Test estimation and test scheduling  Supporting test planning tools 

GP 2.6 Manage configurations

Place selected work products of the Test Lifecycle and integration process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following:  Organization’s set of standard test processes  Description of integrated test lifecycle models  Tailoring guidelines for the organization’s set of standard test processes  Organization’s test process and product quality measurement data  Work breakdown structure  Test estimation data  Product risk assessment data  Master test plan review report  Master test plan

GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders

Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Test Lifecycle and Integration process as planned. Elaboration Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include the following:  Reviewing the organization’s set of standard test processes  Reviewing the organization’s integrated lifecycle models  Resolving issues with tailoring guidelines  Assessing the definitions of the common set of test process and product quality measurement data  Reviewing the work environment standards  Selecting the product and product components to be tested  Identifying the risk level and risk types of the product and product components to be tested by being involved in a product risk assessment  Providing input to test estimates  Reviewing and resolving issues on test project risks  Explicitly committing to test resources needed  Reviewing and approval of master test plan

GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process

Monitor and control the Test Lifecycle and Integration process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration Examples of measures used in monitoring and control the Test Lifecycle and Integration process include the following:  Percentage of projects using the test process elements of the organization’s set of standard test processes  Number of change requests for each test process element of the organization’s set of standard test processes  Amount of staff members’ compensation claims due to ergonomic problems  Days required for development of a test process or test process change  Number of revisions to the master test plan  Effort spent and actual lead-time compared to the effort planned and planned lead-time in the master test plan  Number of test items with risk level changes per test plan revision  Cost, schedule and effort variance per plan revision Execution of the master test plan is typically monitored and controlled by means of the practices of the process area Test Monitoring and Control.

GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence

Objectively evaluate adherence of the Test Lifecycle and Integration process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address any areas of noncompliance. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit topics for evaluation and adherence include the following:  Activities for establishing organizational test process assets  Organization’s set of standard test processes  Description of test lifecycle models  Tailoring guidelines for the organization’s set of standard test processes  Organization’s test process data  Compliance with the test strategy  Compliance with standards (procedures and templates)  Quality of the master test plan  Defined test approach  Product risk assessment process  Test estimation process  Activities for reviewing and making test commitments

GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management

Review the activities, status and results of the Test Lifecycle and Integration process with higher level management and resolve issues.

GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process 制度化定义流程。

GP 3.1 Establish a defined process

Establish and maintain a description of a defined Test Lifecycle and Integration process

GP 3.2 Collect improvement information

Collect process related experiences derived from planning and performing the Test Lifecycle and Integration process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Elaboration Examples of measures include the following  Submission of lessons learned to the organization’s process asset library  Number of change proposals derived from lessons learned  Submission of data to the organization’s test process database  Status of change requests submitted to modify the organization’s standard process  Percentage of master test plans established according to procedure and template  Percentage of master test plans that have documented product risk assessment results and a test approach  Percentage of master test plans formally reviewed and approved by management  Master test planning effort  Test estimation accuracy