TMMI_测试过程改进框架_优化级别8_缺陷预防4

Generic Practices by Goals 通用实践

GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process

GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy

Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Defect Prevention process. Elaboration The Defect Prevention policy typically specifies the following:  The organizational objectives for defect prevention  Key measures to monitor actual progress towards the defined objectives  The organizational expectations for identifying and systematically addressing root causes of defects and other problems  The long term commitments for funding, staffing, and providing other resources for Defect Prevention  Defect Prevention activities are to be implemented across the organization to improve processes and products  Defect Prevention activities are to be coordinated by a Test Process Group or process improvement team

GP 2.2 Plan the process Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Defect Prevention process. Elaboration The activities for Defect Prevention, e.g., the activities for identifying and addressing root and common causes, are explicitly planned and scheduled at an organizational cross-project level. Typically, the plan for performing the defect prevention activities is included in or referenced by the organization’s test process improvement plan, which is described in the Test Organization process area, or may be documented in a separate plan that addresses only the Defect Prevention process.

过程计划， 建立和维护计划来执行缺陷预防过程，详述，缺陷预防的行为。比如，明确和处理根本和常见原因的行文。被清楚的计划和规划在组织的跨项目水平。通常，实施缺陷预防行为的计划被组织的测试过程提升计划包括或者引用。它在测试组织过程域被描述。可能在一个分开的计划被文档化来处理缺陷预防过程。

GP 2.3 Provide Resources Provide adequate resources for performing the Defect Prevention process, developing the test work products, and providing the services of the Defect Prevention process. Elaboration Adequate time and supporting tools are provided to perform the Defect Prevention activities. Examples of tools that support defect prevention activities include: Database systems to capture and mine historical data  Statistical analysis packages  Tools, methods and analysis techniques (e.g., Ishikawa fishbone diagrams, Pareto analysis, histograms, cause/effect graphing, process modeling tools)

GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Defect Prevention process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the Defect Prevention process. Elaboration Responsibilities for Defect Prevention are defined and typically assigned to a defect prevention analysis team, possibly under the umbrella of a Test Process Group. A defect prevention analysis team typically consists of representatives from the following areas:  Management  Development  Quality assurance  Process improvement  Testing

GP 2.5 Train people Train the people performing or supporting the Defect Prevention process as needed. Elaboration Examples of training topics include the following:  Defect prevention techniques such as cause/effect diagrams, Ishikawa fishbone diagrams, Pareto analysis, fault tree analysis and process analysis  Defect selection parameters  Defect classification schemes  Conducting root cause analysis

GP 2.6 Manage configurations Place selected work products of the Defect Prevention process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following:  Defect selection parameters  Selected defects  Identified root causes and common causes  Causal analysis records  Proposed solutions  Action proposals

GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Defect Prevention process as planned.Elaboration Examples of activities for stakeholder involvement include the following:  Defining defect selection parameters  Defining defect classification schemes  Selecting defects for analysis  Conducting causal analysis  Validating proposed solutions  Defining action proposals

GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process Monitor and control the Defect Prevention process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration Examples of measures used to monitor and control the Defect Prevention process include the following:  The costs of defect prevention activities  Number of defects analyzed  Number of root causes identified  Number of action proposals outstanding and for how long  The number of action proposals submitted

GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence Objective evaluate adherence of the Defect Prevention process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address non-compliances. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit evaluation adherence topics include the following:  Selecting defects using selection parameters  Analyzing defects using selection parameters  Determining causes of defects  Analyzing causes of defects  Determining solutions  Submitting action proposals  Implementing action proposals

GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management Review the activities, status and results of the Defect Prevention process with higher level management and resolve issues. Elaboration Examples of topics to be reviewed with higher level management include the following:  Status of Defect Prevention activities  Determined common and root causes Results of Defect Prevention activities, e.g., submitted improvement proposals  Effort and other resources spent compared to plan

GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process

GP 3.1 Establish a defined process Establish and maintain a description of a defined Defect Prevention process.

GP 3.2 Collect improvement information Collect process-related experiences derived from planning and performing the Defect Prevention process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Examples of measures include the following:  Cost of recurring defects, and the results of implementing action proposals  Number and type of defects found per development stage  The number and characteristics of defects injected in each development stage