Activity中使用AIDL让Service与Activity通信

 

简易计算器,默认执行1+1的计算,点击go按钮执行计算,先看效果图,如下




首先建立一个ICallback.aidl文件,作为Activity中的回调方法

Java代码  

1. // My AIDL file, named SomeClass.aidl   
2. package com.zhang.test.service;   
3. // See the list above for which classes need  
4. // import statements (hint--most of them)   
5. // Declare the interface.   
6. interface ICallback {   
7. // Methods can take 0 or more parameters, and  
8. // return a value or void.   
9.   
10. // Methods can even take other AIDL-defined parameters.  
11. //BankAccount createAccount(in String name, int startingDeposit, in IAtmService atmService);  
12. // All non-Java primitive parameters (e.g., int, bool, etc) require  
13. // a directional tag indicating which way the data will go. Available  
14. // values are in, out, inout. (Primitives are in by default, and cannot be otherwise).  
15. // Limit the direction to what is truly needed, because marshalling parameters  
16. // is expensive.   
17.   
18. void showResult(int result);   
19. }  

// My AIDL file, named SomeClass.aidl
package com.zhang.test.service;
// See the list above for which classes need
// import statements (hint--most of them)
// Declare the interface.
interface ICallback {
// Methods can take 0 or more parameters, and
// return a value or void.

// Methods can even take other AIDL-defined parameters.
//BankAccount createAccount(in String name, int startingDeposit, in IAtmService atmService);
// All non-Java primitive parameters (e.g., int, bool, etc) require
// a directional tag indicating which way the data will go. Available
// values are in, out, inout. (Primitives are in by default, and cannot be otherwise).
// Limit the direction to what is truly needed, because marshalling parameters
// is expensive.

void showResult(int result);
}

然后再建立一个IService.aidl用来在Activity中接收Service回调,以及在Service中onBind时返回的Binder
注意:aidl中import不能写com.xxx.*,要写全类的路径

Java代码  

1. package com.zhang.test.service;   
2.   
3. import com.zhang.test.service.ICallback;   
4.   
5. interface IService {   
6.     void registerCallback(ICallback cb);   
7.     void unregisterCallback(ICallback cb);   
8. }  

package com.zhang.test.service;

import com.zhang.test.service.ICallback;

interface IService {
	void registerCallback(ICallback cb);
	void unregisterCallback(ICallback cb);
}

接下来是service,CalculateService.java

Java代码  

1. package com.zhang.test.service;   
2.   
3. import android.app.Service;   
4. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;   
5. import android.content.Context;   
6. import android.content.Intent;   
7. import android.content.IntentFilter;   
8. import android.os.Handler;   
9. import android.os.IBinder;   
10. import android.os.Message;   
11. import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;   
12. import android.os.RemoteException;   
13. import android.util.Log;   
14.   
15. public class CalculateService extends Service {   
16.     private static final String TAG = "MainService";   
17.   
18.     public static final String ACTION_CALCUlATE = "action_calculate";   
19.     private RemoteCallbackList<ICallback> mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<ICallback>();   
20.   
21.     private IService.Stub mBinder = new IService.Stub() {   
22.   
23.         @Override  
24.         public void unregisterCallback(ICallback cb) {   
25.             if (cb != null) {   
26.                 mCallbacks.unregister(cb);   
27.             }   
28.         }   
29.   
30.         @Override  
31.         public void registerCallback(ICallback cb) {   
32.             if (cb != null) {   
33.                 mCallbacks.register(cb);   
34.             }   
35.         }   
36.     };   
37.            
38.          //这里的BroadcastReceiver实现了Activity主动与Service通信  
39.     private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {   
40.   
41.         @Override  
42.         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {   
43.             String action = intent.getAction();   
44.             if (ACTION_CALCUlATE.equals(action)) {   
45.                 int first;   
46.                 int second;   
47.                 try {   
48.                     first = Integer.parseInt(intent.getStringExtra("first"));   
49.                     second = Integer.parseInt(intent.getStringExtra("second"));   
50.                     callBack(first, second);   
51.                 } catch (NumberFormatException e) {   
52.                     e.printStackTrace();   
53.                 } catch (Exception e) {   
54.                     e.printStackTrace();   
55.                 }   
56.             }   
57.         }   
58.     };   
59.     private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {   
60.   
61.         @Override  
62.         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {   
63.             //默认计算1+1   
64.                             callBack(1, 1);   
65.             super.handleMessage(msg);   
66.         }   
67.     };   
68.   
69.     @Override  
70.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {   
71.         Log.d(TAG, "onBind");   
72.         return mBinder;   
73.     }   
74.   
75.     @Override  
76.     public void onCreate() {   
77.         Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");   
78.         // 这里不知道为什么,直接使用callback方法回调showResult  
79.         // mCallbacks.beginBroadcast()是0,需要用handler延迟1000毫秒  
80.         // 也许是在activity中binService太耗时的原因?   
81.         mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 1000);   
82.         super.onCreate();   
83.         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_CALCUlATE);   
84.         registerReceiver(receiver, filter);   
85.   
86.     }   
87.   
88.     @Override  
89.     public void onDestroy() {   
90.         mHandler.removeMessages(0);   
91.         mCallbacks.kill();   
92.         super.onDestroy();   
93.     }   
94.   
95.     private void callBack(int first, int second) {   
96.         int N = mCallbacks.beginBroadcast();   
97.         try {   
98.             for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {   
99.                 mCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).showResult(first + second);   
100.             }   
101.         } catch (RemoteException e) {   
102.             Log.e(TAG, "", e);   
103.         }   
104.         mCallbacks.finishBroadcast();   
105.     }   
106.   
107. }  

package com.zhang.test.service;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

public class CalculateService extends Service {
	private static final String TAG = "MainService";

	public static final String ACTION_CALCUlATE = "action_calculate";
	private RemoteCallbackList<ICallback> mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<ICallback>();

	private IService.Stub mBinder = new IService.Stub() {

		@Override
		public void unregisterCallback(ICallback cb) {
			if (cb != null) {
				mCallbacks.unregister(cb);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void registerCallback(ICallback cb) {
			if (cb != null) {
				mCallbacks.register(cb);
			}
		}
	};
        
         //这里的BroadcastReceiver实现了Activity主动与Service通信
	private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			String action = intent.getAction();
			if (ACTION_CALCUlATE.equals(action)) {
				int first;
				int second;
				try {
					first = Integer.parseInt(intent.getStringExtra("first"));
					second = Integer.parseInt(intent.getStringExtra("second"));
					callBack(first, second);
				} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	};
	private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {

		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			//默认计算1+1
                            callBack(1, 1);
			super.handleMessage(msg);
		}
	};

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		Log.d(TAG, "onBind");
		return mBinder;
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
		// 这里不知道为什么,直接使用callback方法回调showResult
		// mCallbacks.beginBroadcast()是0,需要用handler延迟1000毫秒
		// 也许是在activity中binService太耗时的原因?
		mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0, 1000);
		super.onCreate();
		IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_CALCUlATE);
		registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		mHandler.removeMessages(0);
		mCallbacks.kill();
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	private void callBack(int first, int second) {
		int N = mCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
		try {
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				mCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).showResult(first + second);
			}
		} catch (RemoteException e) {
			Log.e(TAG, "", e);
		}
		mCallbacks.finishBroadcast();
	}

}

然后是CalculateActivity:

Java代码  

1. package com.zhang.test;   
2.   
3. import android.app.Activity;   
4. import android.content.ComponentName;   
5. import android.content.Context;   
6. import android.content.Intent;   
7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;   
8. import android.os.Bundle;   
9. import android.os.IBinder;   
10. import android.os.RemoteException;   
11. import android.util.Log;   
12. import android.view.View;   
13. import android.widget.Button;   
14. import android.widget.CompoundButton;   
15. import android.widget.EditText;   
16. import android.widget.TextView;   
17.   
18. import com.zhang.test.service.ICallback;   
19. import com.zhang.test.service.IService;   
20. import com.zhang.test.service.CalculateService;   
21.   
22. public class CalculateActivity extends Activity {   
23.     private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";   
24.   
25.     private IService mService;   
26.   
27.     private EditText first;// 第一个计算数  
28.     private EditText second;// 第二个计算数  
29.     private Button calculate;// 计算按钮  
30.     private TextView result;// 计算结果  
31.   
32.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
33.     @Override  
34.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
35.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
36.         setContentView(R.layout.main);   
37.   
38.         setUpViews();   
39.         setUpEvents();   
40.         Intent i = new Intent(this, CalculateService.class);   
41.         bindService(i, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);   
42.     }   
43.   
44.     private void setUpViews() {   
45.         first = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.first);   
46.         second = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.second);   
47.         calculate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.calculate);   
48.         result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);   
49.     }   
50.   
51.     private void setUpEvents() {   
52.         calculate.setOnClickListener(new CompoundButton.OnClickListener() {   
53.   
54.             @Override  
55.             public void onClick(View v) {   
56.                 Intent intent = new Intent(CalculateService.ACTION_CALCUlATE);   
57.                 intent.putExtra("first", first.getText().toString());   
58.                 intent.putExtra("second", second.getText().toString());   
59.                 sendBroadcast(intent);   
60.             }   
61.         });   
62.     }   
63.   
64.     @Override  
65.     protected void onDestroy() {   
66.         if (mService != null) {   
67.             try {   
68.                 mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);   
69.             } catch (RemoteException e) {   
70.                 Log.e(TAG, "", e);   
71.             }   
72.         }   
73.         // destroy的时候不要忘记unbindService   
74.         unbindService(mConnection);   
75.         super.onDestroy();   
76.     }   
77.   
78.     /**  
79.      * service的回调方法  
80.      */  
81.     private ICallback.Stub mCallback = new ICallback.Stub() {   
82.   
83.         @Override  
84.         public void showResult(int result) {   
85.             Log.d(TAG, "result : " + result);   
86.             CalculateActivity.this.result.setText(result + "");   
87.         }   
88.     };   
89.   
90.     /**  
91.      * 注册connection  
92.      */  
93.     private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {   
94.   
95.         @Override  
96.         public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {   
97.             Log.d(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");   
98.             mService = null;   
99.         }   
100.   
101.         @Override  
102.         public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {   
103.             Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected");   
104.             mService = IService.Stub.asInterface(service);   
105.             try {   
106.                 mService.registerCallback(mCallback);   
107.             } catch (RemoteException e) {   
108.                 Log.e(TAG, "", e);   
109.             }   
110.         }   
111.     };   
112. }  

package com.zhang.test;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.zhang.test.service.ICallback;
import com.zhang.test.service.IService;
import com.zhang.test.service.CalculateService;

public class CalculateActivity extends Activity {
	private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

	private IService mService;

	private EditText first;// 第一个计算数
	private EditText second;// 第二个计算数
	private Button calculate;// 计算按钮
	private TextView result;// 计算结果

	/** Called when the activity is first created. */
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);

		setUpViews();
		setUpEvents();
		Intent i = new Intent(this, CalculateService.class);
		bindService(i, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
	}

	private void setUpViews() {
		first = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.first);
		second = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.second);
		calculate = (Button) findViewById(R.id.calculate);
		result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
	}

	private void setUpEvents() {
		calculate.setOnClickListener(new CompoundButton.OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				Intent intent = new Intent(CalculateService.ACTION_CALCUlATE);
				intent.putExtra("first", first.getText().toString());
				intent.putExtra("second", second.getText().toString());
				sendBroadcast(intent);
			}
		});
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		if (mService != null) {
			try {
				mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
			} catch (RemoteException e) {
				Log.e(TAG, "", e);
			}
		}
		// destroy的时候不要忘记unbindService
		unbindService(mConnection);
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	/**
	 * service的回调方法
	 */
	private ICallback.Stub mCallback = new ICallback.Stub() {

		@Override
		public void showResult(int result) {
			Log.d(TAG, "result : " + result);
			CalculateActivity.this.result.setText(result + "");
		}
	};

	/**
	 * 注册connection
	 */
	private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
			Log.d(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
			mService = null;
		}

		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
			Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
			mService = IService.Stub.asInterface(service);
			try {
				mService.registerCallback(mCallback);
			} catch (RemoteException e) {
				Log.e(TAG, "", e);
			}
		}
	};
}

最后不要忘记在manifest中加上service标记:

Java代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
2. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
3.       package="com.zhang.test"  
4.       android:versionCode="1"  
5.       android:versionName="1.0">   
6.     <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">   
7.         <activity android:name=".CalculateActivity"  
8.                   android:label="@string/app_name">   
9.             <intent-filter>   
10.                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />   
11.                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />   
12.             </intent-filter>   
13.         </activity>   
14.         <service android:name=".service.CalculateService" />   
15.     </application>   
16.     <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />   
17.   
18. </manifest>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="com.zhang.test"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
        <activity android:name=".CalculateActivity"
                  android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
		<service android:name=".service.CalculateService" />
    </application>
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />

</manifest>

布局文件,main.xml:

Java代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
2. <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
3.     android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
4.     android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
5.     android:orientation="horizontal" >   
6.   
7.     <TextView   
8.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
9.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
10.         android:text="计算:" />   
11.   
12.     <EditText   
13.         android:id="@+id/first"  
14.         android:layout_width="50dip"  
15.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
16.         android:text="1" />   
17.   
18.     <TextView   
19.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
20.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
21.         android:text="+" />   
22.   
23.     <EditText   
24.         android:id="@+id/second"  
25.         android:layout_width="50dip"  
26.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
27.         android:text="1" />   
28.   
29.     <TextView   
30.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
31.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
32.         android:text="=" />   
33.   
34.     <TextView   
35.         android:id="@+id/result"  
36.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
37.         android:layout_height="wrap_content" />   
38.   
39.     <Button   
40.         android:id="@+id/calculate"  
41.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
42.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
43.         android:text="go" />   
44.   
45. </LinearLayout>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="计算:" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/first"
        android:layout_width="50dip"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="1" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="+" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/second"
        android:layout_width="50dip"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="1" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="=" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/result"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/calculate"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="go" />

</LinearLayout>

运行程序,查看Logcat
结果如下:



总结:
通过aidl总算实现了Service与Activity的通信,写起来麻烦点,使用诸如ContentProvider,Broadcast等也可以实现.
这样做很像是在使用MVC设计模式(Activity负责View,Service以及其他类负责Model,aidl(ServiceConnection)负责Controller)

源码见附件

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• 大小: 30.4 KB

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• 大小: 7.4 KB

• TestService.rar (48.7 KB)
• 下载次数: 4

• 查看图片附件