Pyhton继承

单继承

class Father():
    def __init__(self):
        print("父类__init__")
        self.a = 1
        
class Son(Father):
    def __init__(self):
        print("子类__init__")
        self.b = 2

    def show_son(self):
        print(self.a, self.b)
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    son = Son()
    son.show_son()

输出：
子类__init__
AttributeError: ‘Son’ object has no attribute ‘a’

原因：
子类Son的__init__覆盖了父类Father的__init__导致没有属性a

修改1：

class Father():
    def __init__(self):
        print("父类__init__")
        self.a = 1
        
class Son(Father):
    def __init__(self):
        # 方法一
#         Father.__init__(self) # 注意这里的self为Son的实例对象
        # 方法二
        super().__init__() # 不需要传self
        print("子类__init__")
        self.b = 2

    def show_son(self):
        print(self.a, self.b)
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    son = Son()
    son.show_son()

输出：
父类__init__
子类__init__
1 2

多继承

class Father():
    def __init__(self):
        print("父类Father__init__")
        self.father = 'father'
        
class Monther():
    def __init__(self):
        print("父类Monther__init__")
        self.monther = 'monther'
        
class Son(Father, Monther):
    def __init__(self):
        Father.__init__(self) # 注意这里的self为Son的实例对象
        Monther.__init__(self) # 注意这里的self为Son的实例对象
        print("子类__init__")
        self.son = 'son'

    def show_son(self):
        print(self.father, self.monther, self.son)
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    son = Son()
    son.show_son()

输出：
父类Father__init__
父类Monther__init__
子类__init__
father monther son

class Father():
    def __init__(self, father):
        print("父类Father__init__")
        self.father = father
        
class Monther():
    def __init__(self, monther):
        print("父类Monther__init__")
        self.monther = monther
        
class Son(Father, Monther):
    def __init__(self, father, monther, son):
        Father.__init__(self, father) # 注意这里的self为Son的实例对象
        Monther.__init__(self, monther) # 注意这里的self为Son的实例对象
        print("子类__init__")
        self.son = son

    def show_son(self):
        print(self.father, self.monther, self.son)
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    son = Son("father", "monther", "son")
    son.show_son()

输出：
父类Father__init__
父类Monther__init__
子类__init__
father monther son