Class BigInteger简介

java.math
Class BigInteger

先给大家看一个小程序，我自己写的java.math.BigInteger类的应用举例。

import java.util.*;

import java.math.BigInteger;

class Example111

{

public static void main(String args[])

{

int t;

String s1=new String();

String s2=new String();

Scanner reader=new Scanner(System.in);

t=reader.nextInt();

for(int i=0; i<t; i++)

{

s1=reader.next();

s2=reader.next();

BigInteger bi1=new BigInteger(s1);

BigInteger bi2=new BigInteger(s2);

System.out.println(bi1.abs());

bi1=bi1.add(bi2);

System.out.println(bi1);

bi1=bi1.pow(5);

System.out.println(bi1);

}

}

}

By.Will

在ACM比赛或平时的编程中，我们常常会遇到对大整数的操作，由于这些整数数值过大，不能用常规的short、int、long等类型来表示，而用字符串或取余的方法又太过于麻烦，java中为我们提供的BigInteger类就很好地解决了这一问题。BigInteger类可以表示任意大小的整数，只有你计算机的内存足够大。下面是java2 SE帮助文档对BigInteger类及其方法的详细介绍。

java.lang.Object java.lang.Number java.math.BigInteger

All Implemented Interfaces:

Serializable,   Comparable< BigInteger>

---

public class BigInteger

extends   Number implements   Comparable< BigInteger>

Immutable arbitrary-precision integers. All operations behave as if BigIntegers were represented in two's-complement notation (like Java's primitive integer types). BigInteger provides analogues to all of Java's primitive integer operators, and all relevant methods from java.lang.Math. Additionally, BigInteger provides operations for modular arithmetic, GCD calculation, primality testing, prime generation, bit manipulation, and a few other miscellaneous operations.

Semantics of arithmetic operations exactly mimic those of Java's integer arithmetic operators, as defined in The Java Language Specification. For example, division by zero throws anArithmeticException, and division of a negative by a positive yields a negative (or zero) remainder. All of the details in the Spec concerning overflow are ignored, as BigIntegers are made as large as necessary to accommodate the results of an operation.

Semantics of shift operations extend those of Java's shift operators to allow for negative shift distances. A right-shift with a negative shift distance results in a left shift, and vice-versa. The unsigned right shift operator (>>>) is omitted, as this operation makes little sense in combination with the "infinite word size" abstraction provided by this class.

Semantics of bitwise logical operations exactly mimic those of Java's bitwise integer operators. The binary operators (and, or, xor) implicitly perform sign extension on the shorter of the two operands prior to performing the operation.

Comparison operations perform signed integer comparisons, analogous to those performed by Java's relational and equality operators.

Modular arithmetic operations are provided to compute residues, perform exponentiation, and compute multiplicative inverses. These methods always return a non-negative result, between 0 and(modulus - 1), inclusive.

Bit operations operate on a single bit of the two's-complement representation of their operand. If necessary, the operand is sign- extended so that it contains the designated bit. None of the single-bit operations can produce a BigInteger with a different sign from the BigInteger being operated on, as they affect only a single bit, and the "infinite word size" abstraction provided by this class ensures that there are infinitely many "virtual sign bits" preceding each BigInteger.

For the sake of brevity and clarity, pseudo-code is used throughout the descriptions of BigInteger methods. The pseudo-code expression (i + j) is shorthand for "a BigInteger whose value is that of the BigInteger i plus that of the BigInteger j." The pseudo-code expression (i == j) is shorthand for "true if and only if the BigInteger i represents the same value as the BigInteger j." Other pseudo-code expressions are interpreted similarly.

All methods and constructors in this class throw NullPointerException when passed a null object reference for any input parameter.

Since:

JDK1.1

See Also:

BigDecimal,   Serialized Form

---

Field Summary
static BigInteger	ONE           The BigInteger constant one.
static BigInteger	TEN           The BigInteger constant ten.
static BigInteger	ZERO           The BigInteger constant zero.

 

Constructor Summary
BigInteger(byte[] val)           Translates a byte array containing the two's-complement binary representation of a BigInteger into a BigInteger.
BigInteger(int signum, byte[] magnitude)           Translates the sign-magnitude representation of a BigInteger into a BigInteger.
BigInteger(int bitLength, int certainty, Random rnd)           Constructs a randomly generated positive BigInteger that is probably prime, with the specified bitLength.
BigInteger(int numBits, Random rnd)           Constructs a randomly generated BigInteger, uniformly distributed over the range 0 to (2numBits - 1), inclusive.
BigInteger(String val)           Translates the decimal String representation of a BigInteger into a BigInteger.
BigInteger(String val, int radix)           Translates the String representation of a BigInteger in the specified radix into a BigInteger.

 

Method Summary
BigInteger	abs()           Returns a BigInteger whose value is the absolute value of this BigInteger.
BigInteger	add(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this + val).
BigInteger	and(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this & val).
BigInteger	andNot(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this & ~val).
int	bitCount()           Returns the number of bits in the two's complement representation of this BigInteger that differ from its sign bit.
int	bitLength()           Returns the number of bits in the minimal two's-complement representation of this BigInteger, excluding a sign bit.
BigInteger	clearBit(int n)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is equivalent to this BigInteger with the designated bit cleared.
int	compareTo(BigInteger val)           Compares this BigInteger with the specified BigInteger.
BigInteger	divide(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this / val).
BigInteger[]	divideAndRemainder(BigInteger val)           Returns an array of two BigIntegers containing (this / val) followed by (this % val).
double	doubleValue()           Converts this BigInteger to a double.
boolean	equals(Object x)           Compares this BigInteger with the specified Object for equality.
BigInteger	flipBit(int n)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is equivalent to this BigInteger with the designated bit flipped.
float	floatValue()           Converts this BigInteger to a float.
BigInteger	gcd(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is the greatest common divisor of abs(this) and abs(val).
int	getLowestSetBit()           Returns the index of the rightmost (lowest-order) one bit in this BigInteger (the number of zero bits to the right of the rightmost one bit).
int	hashCode()           Returns the hash code for this BigInteger.
int	intValue()           Converts this BigInteger to an int.
boolean	isProbablePrime(int certainty)           Returns true if this BigInteger is probably prime, false if it's definitely composite.
long	longValue()           Converts this BigInteger to a long.
BigInteger	max(BigInteger val)           Returns the maximum of this BigInteger and val.
BigInteger	min(BigInteger val)           Returns the minimum of this BigInteger and val.
BigInteger	mod(BigInteger m)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this mod m).
BigInteger	modInverse(BigInteger m)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this-1 mod m).
BigInteger	modPow(BigInteger exponent, BigInteger m)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (thisexponent mod m).
BigInteger	multiply(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this * val).
BigInteger	negate()           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (-this).
BigInteger	nextProbablePrime()           Returns the first integer greater than this BigInteger that is probably prime.
BigInteger	not()           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (~this).
BigInteger	or(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this | val).
BigInteger	pow(int exponent)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (thisexponent).
static BigInteger	probablePrime(int bitLength, Random rnd)           Returns a positive BigInteger that is probably prime, with the specified bitLength.
BigInteger	remainder(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this % val).
BigInteger	setBit(int n)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is equivalent to this BigInteger with the designated bit set.
BigInteger	shiftLeft(int n)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this << n).
BigInteger	shiftRight(int n)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this >> n).
int	signum()           Returns the signum function of this BigInteger.
BigInteger	subtract(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this - val).
boolean	testBit(int n)           Returns true if and only if the designated bit is set.
byte[]	toByteArray()           Returns a byte array containing the two's-complement representation of this BigInteger.
String	toString()           Returns the decimal String representation of this BigInteger.
String	toString(int radix)           Returns the String representation of this BigInteger in the given radix.
static BigInteger	valueOf(long val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is equal to that of the specified long.
BigInteger	xor(BigInteger val)           Returns a BigInteger whose value is (this ^ val).