不使用库函数实现字符串的复制、连接、比较、反转、计算长度及易混淆点等

Linux C与C面试中经常提到类似问题，主要考察的是对字符串函数的实现原理和对指针的理解程度，总结一下。

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实现函数：strcpy

   char *my_strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
   {
       if(dest == NULL || src == NULL) return ;
       char *retp = dest;
       while(*dest++ = *src++)
          ;
       return retp;
  }                                                                                                                                 
 
  int main(int argc,char *argv[])
  {
      if(argc < 3)
      {
          printf("Usage: ./a.out deststr srcstr\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      } 
      printf("my_strcpy : %s\n", my_strcpy(argv[1], argv[2]));
      return 0;
  }
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实现函数：strcat

  char *my_strcat(char *dest, const char *src)
   {
       if(dest == NULL || src == NULL) return ;  
       char *retp = dest;   
       while(*dest)
          dest++;
       //while(*dest++);
       //错误写法，因为此循环的目的是想找到dest的串尾，若这样写最后一次执行时*dest++='\0'，但是此时dest指向'\0'的下一个地址空间
      while(*dest++ = *src++)
          ;
      return retp;
  }
 
  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      if(argc < 3)
      {
          printf("Usage: ./a.out  deststr srcstr\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }    
      printf("my_strcat: %s\n",my_strcat(argv[1], argv[2]));
      return 0;
  }               
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实现函数：strcmp

   int my_strcmp(const char *dest, const char *src)
   {

       if(dest == NULL || src == NULL) return ;
       for( ; *dest == *src; dest++,src++)
           if(*dest == '\0')
               return 0;
       return *dest-*src;
  }
 
  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      if(argc < 3)
      {
          printf("Usage: ./a.out string1 string2");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      printf("my_strcmp: %d\n", my_strcmp(argv[1], argv[2]));
      return 0;
  }
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实现函数：strlen

   int my_strlen(char *src)
   {

       if(src == NULL) return ;
       int len = 0;
       for(len = 0; src[len] != '\0';len++);
       //while(*src++)
       //  len++;                                                                                                                   
      return len;
  }
 
  int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  {
      if(argc < 2)
      {
          printf("Usage: ./a.out string\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
      printf("my_strlen: %d\n", my_strlen(argv[1])); 
      return 0;
  }
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实现函数：字符串反转

   char *my_inversion(char *src)                                                                                                     
   {

      if(src == NULL)  return ;

      int len,i,j;
      char temp;
      for(len = 0; src[len] != '\0';len++);
      //不可以将上面写成
      //  for(; *src != '\0'; src++)
      //  len++;
      //因为这样改变了src的指向，执行完后src指向原字符串结束标志
      for(i = 0,j = len-1; i< j; i++,j--) //循环终止条件应为i < j，当有奇数个字符时，位于中间的字符无需在和自身交换
      {
          temp = src[j];
          src[j] = src[i];
          src[i] = temp;
      }
      return src;

   }

   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       if(argc < 2)
       {
           printf("Usage: ./a.out string\n");
           exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }
       printf("inversion_str: %s\n", my_inversion(argv[1]));
       return 0;
   }         

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   int main()
   {
       char a[] = "12345678";
       char b[4] = "abc"; 
       strcpy(a, b);
       printf("a[3] = %c\n",a[3]); //输出'\0'(空字符)
       printf("a[4] = %c\n",a[4]); //输出5
       printf("strcpy(a, b) = %s\n", a); //输出abc
       return 0;
  }
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