一道算法题（回溯+剪枝）

题目

假设集合A有n个子集，每个子集有m个元素，元素都为正负数。找出任意相加为0的元素，将他们消掉，要求每次消掉的都是最大正数，且尽可能多的负元素。

分析

穷举行不通，因为穷举的时间复杂度将达到$O(2^n)$，不可能跑完。而贪心算法可以简化问题，但不具备完整的说服力，不过可借鉴它的思想。所以，最终可选择回溯并结合剪枝，这样平均时间复杂度下降很多，但实际计算与真实数据有很大关系。

此外，为进一步解决计算量问题，且防止陷入无穷执行，引入三个阈值因子，可根据实际数据和业务情况调节。

• threshold，组合数量阈值。

• calculation_threshold，单个元素计算量阈值。

• total_calculation_threshold，总计算量阈值。

分布式

任务中没有相互依赖性，天然支持分布式，只需要在取数那里分别取数即可。

效果说明

对数据进行升序排序，每轮进行一亿次(可配置)搜索后，很大很大概率已经能准确找到最想要的答案，时间也能很好控制。

start time : 1544195518997
[0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 28, 38]
[28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 32, 32, 32, 32, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 36, 36, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 61]
[39, 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 43, 43, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 47, 47, 49]
[47, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 98]
[53, 53, 53, 54, 54, 54, 54, 55, 55, 55, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58, 58, 69, 99]
[58, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 60, 60, 60, 61, 61, 61, 61, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 63, 63, 66]
[63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 65, 65, 65, 66, 66, 66, 80]
[66, 66, 66, 66, 67, 67, 67, 68, 68, 68, 68, 69, 69, 69, 70, 87, 99]
[71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 72, 72, 72, 73, 73, 73, 97]
end time : 1544195524950
counter :900000009
elapsed time : 5953ms

github

https://github.com/sea-boat/algorithm_lab/blob/master/src/SetSum.java