使用dir()、readdir()和glob()遍历目录及测试性能 http://blog.csdn.net/hpy1165331898/article/details/44918879

 

分类： php 2015-04-07 13:01  104人阅读  评论(0)  收藏  举报

php函数 遍历目录 glob readdir dir

       一般情况下，遍历目录时只需遍历出子目录和文件，不需要遍历出子目录下的目录和文件，如果要遍历子目录下目录和文件，就需要用到is_dir()判断是否问目录，若是目录则递归遍历。php中遍历目录用到的函数有dir()、readdir()、glob()，那么三个函数有什么区别呢？性能又如何呢？

一、使用dir()函数遍历目录

1. dir()函数是以对象的方式访问目录，如果成功，返回一个 Directory 类实例，参数错误的情况下返回 NULL ， 其它错误情况返回 false。
2. 代码

<code class="language-ruby hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">function mydir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>){
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$dir</span> = dir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span> !== (<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> = <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$dir</span> -> read())){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.'</span> && <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'..'</span>){
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(is_dir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span>)){
                echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'目录：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<br/>'</span>; 
                mydir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>);
                }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>{
                echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'文件：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<br/>'</span>;
                }
            }
        }
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$dir</span> -> close();
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul>

二、使用opendir()、readdir()函数遍历目录

1. 相关函数 
   
   • 函数opendir()用于打开指定目录，接受一个目录的路径及目录名作为参数，函数返回值为可供其他目录函数使用的目录句柄（资源类型）。如果该目录不存在或者没有访问权限，则返回FALSE。
   • 函数readdir()用于读取指定目录，接受已经用opendir()函数打开的可操作目录句柄作为参数，函数返回当前目录指针位置的一个文件名，并将目录指针向后移动一位。当指针位于目录的结尾时，因为没有文件存在则返回FALSE。
   • 函数closedir()关闭指定目录，接受已经用opendir()函数打开的可操作目录句柄作为参数。函数无返回值，运行后关闭打开的目录。
   • 函数reweinddir()倒回目录句柄，接受已经用opendir()函数打开的可操作目录句柄作为参数。将目录指针重置目录到开始处，即倒回目录的开头。
2. 代码

<code class="language-ruby hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">function myreaddir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>){
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$handle</span> = opendir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$handle</span>){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span> !== (<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> = readdir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$handle</span>))) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.'</span> && <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'..'</span>){
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(is_dir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>.<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span>)){
                    echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'目录：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<br/>'</span>; 
                    myreaddir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/'</span>);
                }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>{
                    echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'文件：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<br/>'</span>;
                }
            }
        }
    closedir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$handle</span>);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>

三、使用glob()函数遍历目录

1. glob() 函数返回匹配指定模式的文件名或目录，该函数返回一个包含有匹配文件 / 目录的数组，如果出错返回 false。
2. 代码

<code class="language-ruby hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">function myglob(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>){
    foreach(glob(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$path</span>) as <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span>){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.'</span> && <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> != <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'..'</span>){
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(is_dir(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span>)){
                echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'目录：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/<br/>'</span>;
                myglob(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'/*'</span>);
            }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>{
                echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'文件：'</span> . <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$file</span> . <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'<br/>'</span>;
                }
            }
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

其中参数$path 有三种情况：

• 参数$path=’*.*’，表示扫描当前目录下的文件,不包括文件夹,返回的是一个数组。
• 参数$path=’images/*’，表示扫描指定目录下所有的文件,包括文件夹,也可以扫描指定的文件类型,如：images/*.jpg；注意,如果只输入：images只会返回该文件夹名称,如果只输入：images/ 则什么也不会返回。

• 参数$path=’*’，表示扫描指定目录下的所有文件、目录及子目录的文件。

  四、测试以上三种方法的性能并分析结果

<code class="language-ruby hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><?php
set_time_limit(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span> <= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>; <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$i</span>++){
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$starttime</span> = microtime(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);
    mydir(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'./'</span>);
    <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//myreaddir</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'./'</span>);
    <span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//myglob</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'*'</span>);
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$endtime</span> = microtime(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);
    <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$total</span> = (<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$endtime</span> - <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$starttime</span>) * <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1000</span>;
    echo <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"第 $i 次，用时 $total 毫秒;"</span>;
}
?></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

       通过测试可以看出，在单一遍历时dir()、readdir()函数效率完败glob()函数；而递归遍历时，glob()函数性能稍微好一点，但优势不是很高。

       dir()函数 Directory 类的实例，而 Directory 类中封装的read()方法与readdir()函数功能一样，所以使用dir()和readdir函数遍历目录时，性能差别不大。

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。