Looper,Handler,Message

Looper线程 循环工作的线程。在程序开发中，我们经常会需要一个线程不断循环，一旦有新任务则执行，执行完继续等待下一个任务，这就是Looper线程。使用Looper类创建Looper线程：

public class LooperThread extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 将当前线程初始化为Looper线程
        Looper.prepare();
        // ...其他处理，如实例化handler
        // 开始循环处理消息队列
        Looper.loop();
    }
}

Looper对象实际为ThreadLocal对象 ，在prepare()返回，它的内部维护了一个消息队列MQ。注意， 一个Thread只能有一个Looper对象

public final class Looper {
    private static final String TAG = "Looper";

    // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
    private static Looper sMainLooper;  // guarded by Looper.class

    final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Thread mThread;

    private Printer mLogging;
    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }
}

loop方法后，Looper线程就开始工作，不断从自己的MessageQueue中取出队头的消息执行。

/**
     * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
     * {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
     */
    public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }

            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

Handler,通知MQ它要执行一个任务(sendMessage)，并在loop到自己的时候执行该任务(handleMessage)，整个过程是异步的。

常用Handler Message 例子：

private Handler handler = new Handler() {
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            case 1 :
                bt.setText("正在下载...");
                break;
            case 2 :
                Bitmap bm = (Bitmap) msg.obj;
                iv.setImageBitmap(bm);
                break;
            case 3 :
                Bundle bundle = msg.getData();
                String data = bundle.getString("text");
                bt.setText(data);
                break;
        }
    }
};
Message msg = new Message(); 
msg.what =1; 
handler.sendMessage(msg);

上源码：

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }
<pre name="code" class="java">public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }
<pre name="code" class="java">    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
    {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }
    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }
    public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
    }

    private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

有了handler之后，我们就可以使用  post(Runnable) ,  postAtTime(Runnable, long) ,  postDelayed(Runnable, long) ,  sendEmptyMessage(int) ,  sendMessage(Message) ,  sendMessageAtTime(Message, long) 和  sendMessageDelayed(Message, long) 这些方法向MQ上发送消息了。