多线程

多线程

1.线程池构造方法:ThreadPoolExecutor()

public ThreadPoolExecutor(
	int corePoolSize,//核心线程数
    int maximumPoolSize,//最大线程数 非核心线程数=maximumPoolSize-corePoolSize
    long keepAliveTime,//非核心线程数 空闲时的最大存活时间
    TimeUnit unit,//时间单位
    BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,//队列
    ThreadFactory threadFactory,//线程工厂
    RejectedExecutionHandler handler)//拒绝策略

四种拒绝策略

1.CallerRunsPolicy:只要线程池未关闭，该策略直接在调用者线程中运行当前被丢弃的任务。显然这样不会真的丢弃任务，但是，调用者线程性能可能急剧下降。

2.DiscardPolicy:默默的丢弃无法处理的任务，不予任何处理。

3.DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃最老的一个请求任务，也就是丢弃一个即将被执行的任务，并尝试再次提交当前任务。

4.AbortPolicy:抛出RejectedExecutionException异常.

线程复用

线程执行完当前任务后,接着执行下一个任务

队列

1.synchronousQueue 同步队列
2.LinkedBlockingQueue 链表队列 默认创建2的32次方的容量

提交优先级

核心线程 --> 队列 --> 非核心线程

执行优先级

核心线程 --> 非核心线程 --> 队列

为什么不推荐使用java自带的创建线程池的方法

自带的方法都有问题
1.newCacheThreadPool(0,Max,…,SynchronousQueue):任务过多时会暂用100%CPU资源.
2.newFixedThreadPool(n,n,…,LinkedBlockingQueue):默认创建2的32次方队列容量,任务过多时,会导致OOM
3.newSingleThreadPool(1,1,…,LinkedBlockingQueue):默认创建2的32次方队列容量,任务过多时,会导致OOM

线程池源码

execute方法

		//将任务创建到核心线程中
		if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
		}
		//workQueue:将任务放到队列中
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
            	//将任务放到非核心线程中
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
        	//执行拒绝策略
            reject(command);

流程如图所示:

addWorker()

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        //自旋,判断状态是否可用
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
        	//关键点1:新建Worker对象 
        	//private final class Worker extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer implements Runnable
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                	//关键点2:多线程start,肯定会调用run方法  run(){runWorker(this)}
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

runWorker()方法

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
        	//task不为空,或者getTask()从队列中拿到的不为空,才执行,这里体现了执行优先级!!!
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                    	//多线程中方法级别的调用,所以线程池执行速度快.
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

getTask()方法

private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            int wc = workerCountOf(c);

            // Are workers subject to culling?
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }

            try {
                Runnable r = timed ?
                	//从队列中获取task任务
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

processWorkerExit()方法

 private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
        if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
            decrementWorkerCount();

        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            workers.remove(w);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }

        tryTerminate();

        int c = ctl.get();
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
                if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
                    min = 1;
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                    return; // replacement not needed
            }
            //线程复用的提现
            addWorker(null, false);
        }
    }

关键方法调用: