Centos7 中安装部署Jenkins

1.前言

Jenkins是一种基于Java开发的开源工具，也是目前主流的持续集成和持续部署（CI/CD）工具，Jenkins的一些特点和优势如下：

• 提供多种解决方案
  Jenkins给开发和测试人员提供不同类型、不同规模的项目的持续集成与持续部署解决方案。
• 易于安装
  因为Jenkins是基于Java的应用，所以只需要在相应的Java环境下即可安装，同时支持多系统安装，包括windows、mac、和linux系统。
• 易于配置
  Jenkins具有基本基于界面的配置方式，并且提供配置检查和帮助提示，非常易于学习。
• 插件众多
  Jenkins最大的优点在于可以和成百上千的插件进行集成，Jenkins之所以功能强大，其实就是因为插件强大，插件使得Jenkins具有可扩展性。
• 具有分布式主从结构
  Jenkins本身是分布式主从结构，可以有多个从节点，主节点可以只用于对服务进行管理，任务运行的负载可以分布到不同的从节点上，并且多个节点可以是不同的系统、不同的独立环境，分布式结构可以支持大规模的任务以及需要多环境支持的项目。

2.官网下载安装包

Jenkins官网：https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/

按对应提供地址下载安装即可（注意：Jenkins版本和Javab版本要匹配，详见如下图所示）

[root@localhost jenkins]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.repo
--2021-01-09 02:47:43--  https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.repo
Resolving pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 151.101.2.133, 151.101.66.133, 151.101.130.133, ...
Connecting to pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|151.101.2.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 71
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================>] 71          --.-K/s   in 0s

2021-01-09 02:47:45 (5.16 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [71/71]

[root@localhost jenkins]# rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.io.key
[root@localhost jenkins]# yum install jenkins
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: d36uatko69830t.cloudfront.net
 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * extras: d36uatko69830t.cloudfront.net
 * updates: d36uatko69830t.cloudfront.net
jenkins                                                                                                                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00
jenkins/primary_db                                                                                                                                                        | 164 kB  00:00:01
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.274-1.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                       Arch                                         Version                                          Repository                                     Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 jenkins                                       noarch                                       2.274-1.1                                        jenkins                                        67 M

Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 67 M
Installed size: 67 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
jenkins-2.274-1.1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                              |  67 MB  00:02:54
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : jenkins-2.274-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                      1/1
  Verifying  : jenkins-2.274-1.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                      1/1

Installed:
  jenkins.noarch 0:2.274-1.1

Complete!

3.配置Jenkins

在对应Jenkins配置文件（/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins）中增加java安装目录，保存并退出

注意：Jenkins默认使用的端口号是：8080，若已有程序占用此端口号，需修改Jenkins的端口，具体修改如下
修改配置文件（/etc/sysconfig/jenkins）中端口号，保存并退出即可。

4.启动Jenkins

在对应/etc/rc.d/init.d 目录下，执行命令service jenkins start

[root@localhost init.d]# service jenkins start
Starting jenkins (via systemctl):                        [  OK  ]

5.网页访问Jenkins

web端访问http://ip:端口号，按对应提示查看并输入密码

[root@localhost init.d]# cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
4cd3abea895d47d08b49f48adfa4219a

登陆后，安装部分插件，创建新的管理员账号密码，便可看到如下图所示：