Docker常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-15 15:16:00 发布

瓜皮三三

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-15 15:16:00 发布

阅读量179

点赞数 2

分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wangzhuanjia/article/details/116739564

版权

docker 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

Docker常用命令

帮助命令

docker version    #显示docker的版本信息
docker info       #docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令  --helo   #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

wangkuo@ubuntu:~/桌面$ docker images 
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   16 months ago   13.3kB

#  解释
REPOSITORY      镜像的仓库源
TAG             镜像的标签
IMAGE ID        镜像的id
CREATE          镜像创建的时间
SIZE            镜像的大小

#  可选项
-a, -all              #列出所有镜像
-q,  --quiet          #只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10861     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4096      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   804                  [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   87                   

# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000    搜索出来的镜像就是STARS数大于3000
wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10861     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4096      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker pull mysql   
Using default tag: latest   如果不写tag，默认就是latest最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql             # 分层下载docker iamge的核心 联合文件系统
69692152171a: Pull complete 
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest   #真实地址

# 这两条命令相等
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists 
1651b0be3df3: Already exists 
951da7386bc8: Already exists 
0f86c95aa242: Already exists 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists 
6d278bb05e94: Already exists 
497efbd93a3e: Already exists 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

在这里插入图片描述
docker rmi 删除镜像

sudo docker rmi -f 镜像id     # 删除指定镜像
sudo docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id   #删除多个镜像
sudo docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)   # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"    容器名字 tomcat01  tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d               后台方式运行 nohup
-it              使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P               指定容器端口 -P 8080:8080
	-P id:主机端口：容器端口
	-P 主机端口：容器端口(常用)
	-P 容器端口
	容器端口
-p               随机指定端口

# 测试，启动并进入容器
wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@ff395e06e129 /]# 
可以按exit退出 从容器中退回主机

查看当前运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
-a    # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?  #最近创建的容器 -n=1
-q    #只显示容器的编号   docker ps -aq


wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
wangkuo@ubuntu:/etc/docker$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
ff395e06e129   centos        "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 seconds ago             festive_hamilton
2e6907a8436d   hello-world   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                admiring_mahavira
e5dd72f1959d   hello-world   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                awesome_satoshi
572dc654ea3e   hello-world   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                crazy_bartik
e48e52b58bda   hello-world   "/hello"      7 months ago    Exited (0) 7 months ago               busy_sinoussi

退出容器

exit   # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q   #  容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm  容器id   # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除rm -f
docker rm -f  $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id      #启动容器
docker restart 容器id    #重启容器
docker stop 容器id       #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id       #强制停止

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

docker run -d  镜像名
# 问题docker ps 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑：docker 容器石永红后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用就会自动停止

查看日志

# 显示日志
-tf             #显示日志
--tail number   #显示日志条数
docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id    # 查看前十条日志

查看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器id
wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo  docker top 7cc1c0f098a9
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                17123               17101               0                   14:09               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看容器详细信息

docker inspect 容器id

#测试
wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker inspect 7cc1c0f098a9
[
    {
        "Id": "7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f",
        "Created": "2021-05-13T06:09:21.784769015Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 17123,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-13T06:09:24.515156702Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f/7cc1c0f098a96868eeffbc21080ca3098109f1a195e35a0f5160ffee0369b24f-json.log",
        "Name": "/practical_boyd",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53a5571ac47fe9dc84211ba85080c17918f4c1aec50b1d1cb84475b7c8e84bf4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bee10b43594c2e3e7feb9b1d7619c69d6ecac9e4c37adc8b53353a20932c7069/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53a5571ac47fe9dc84211ba85080c17918f4c1aec50b1d1cb84475b7c8e84bf4/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53a5571ac47fe9dc84211ba85080c17918f4c1aec50b1d1cb84475b7c8e84bf4/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/53a5571ac47fe9dc84211ba85080c17918f4c1aec50b1d1cb84475b7c8e84bf4/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "7cc1c0f098a9",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "1b5f42b6d58387c3ae1fb6a4ec75fb4419f77704947e5df1bf8ff13218cedad1",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1b5f42b6d583",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "ebf4e62850d0f4b1196a263520f85b6f044e9ddab933808e577f732d2aae6a90",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "65498cd80484673b907394a0f27b6efb161dbb895d12d6356e56574459879707",
                    "EndpointID": "ebf4e62850d0f4b1196a263520f85b6f044e9ddab933808e577f732d2aae6a90",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id  /bin/bash
# 测试
wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
7cc1c0f098a9   centos    "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             practical_boyd
wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker exec -it 7cc1c0f098a9 /bin/bash
[root@7cc1c0f098a9 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

# 方式二
docker attach 容器id

wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
7cc1c0f098a9   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 minutes ago   Up 13 minutes             practical_boyd
wangkuo@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach 7cc1c0f098a9
[root@7cc1c0f098a9 /]# 

# docker exec     #进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker  attach  #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目标机路径

ps：感谢bilibli小狂神

瓜皮三三

关注

2
点赞
踩
1

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Docker常用命令

Docker常用命令帮助命令docker version #显示docker的版本信息docker info #docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量docker 命令 --helo #帮助命令帮助文档的地址镜像命令docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像wangkuo@ubuntu:~/桌面$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
复制链接

扫一扫

专栏目录