java annotation学习

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Override {
} 

@interface：声明这是一个注解
@Retention：声明注解的策略，可参见RetentionPolicy。SOURCE

public enum RetentionPolicy {
    ###保存在源代码中，会被编译器抛弃
    SOURCE,
    ###编译时生效，会对代码最后生成的class有一定影响，在运行时则不保留。此值为默认值
    CLASS,
    ###编译时生效，会对代码最后生成的class有一定影响，在运行时保留，通常通过反射读取。
    RUNTIME
}
@Target：声明注解可以被放在什么样的元素上面，详见ElementType




如果需要加入一个叫做age的变量，则代码如下：

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface Override {
  int age();
} 




写个RetentionPolicy=CLASS的注解，通过javac来试一下

 
 

  
  注解
 
 

 
 

  
  
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface Assignment {
    String assignee();
} 
注解process
  
  


  
  
@SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_6)
@SupportedAnnotationTypes("Assignment")
public class AssignmentProcess extends AbstractProcessor {
    private TypeElement assignmentElement; 
    public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
        super.init(processingEnv);
        Elements elementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
        assignmentElement = elementUtils.getTypeElement("Assignment");
    } 
    public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
        Set<? extends Element> elements = roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(assignmentElement);
        for (Element element : elements) {
            System.out.println(element);
        }
        return true;
    }
}  
  
  


  
  
@Assignment(assignee = "123")
public class Demo1 {
}
执行：
  
  


  
  
javac -processor AssignmentProcess Demo1.java

Demo1
按道理来说一切正常，不过悲剧的是把注解的retention改成source还是可以执行的，按照前面的理解，source的应该在编译器中读不到的
  
  
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
  
  


  
  
对Assignment的retention进行修改，看编译后Demo1的class文件

 
 

 
 

  
  挺正常的样子
 
 

 
 

  
  


 
 

 
 

  
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
 
 

 
 

  
  
public class Demo1 extends java.lang.Object
  SourceFile: "Demo1.java"
  
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
  
  


  
  
public class Demo1 extends java.lang.Object
  SourceFile: "Demo1.java"
  RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations: length = 0xB
   00 01 00 0B 00 01 00 0C 73 00 0D 
  
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  
  


 
 

 
 

  
  
public class Demo1 extends java.lang.Object
  SourceFile: "Demo1.java"
  RuntimeVisibleAnnotations: length = 0xB
   00 01 00 0B 00 01 00 0C 73 00 0D 

  
  

问题木找到，待研究。
 
 

 
 

  
  


 
 

 
 

  
  


 
 

 
 

  
  


 
 

 
 


  
  

写个RetentionPolicy=RUNTIME的注解试一下

  
  

   
   注释
  
  

  
  

   
   
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface RoleCheck {
    String role();
} 

   
   

    
    handle，内部通过反射取得注释信息，验证是否可以调用该方法
   
   

   
   
public class AccessInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    final Object accessObj;
    public AccessInvocationHandler(Object accessObj){
        this.accessObj = accessObj;
    }
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        RoleCheck annotation = method.getAnnotation(RoleCheck.class); // 通过反射API获取注解
        if (annotation != null) {
            String role = annotation.role();
            if (!StringUtil.equals(role, CurrentRoleUtil.getCurrentRole())) {
                throw new AccessControlException("The user is not allowed to invoke this method.");
            }
            return method.invoke(accessObj, args);
        } else {
            throw new AccessControlException("The user is not allowed to invoke this method.");
        }
    }
}
模拟cache等工具，获取当前执行的role
  
  

  
  

   
   
public class CurrentRoleUtil {
    private static int cur = 0;
    public static String getCurrentRole(){
        if(cur%2==0){
            ++cur;
            return "guanfei";
        }
        ++cur;
        return "hake";
    }
}
通过代理调用
  
  

  
  

   
   
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HelloWorld hello = new HelloWorldImpl();
        InvocationHandler handler = new AccessInvocationHandler(hello);
        HelloWorld proxy = (HelloWorld)Proxy.newProxyInstance(hello.getClass().getClassLoader(), hello.getClass().getInterfaces(), handler);
        proxy.sayHello();
        proxy.sayHello();
    }
   
   

执行结果
  
  

  
  

   
   
Hello World!
Exception in thread "main" java.security.AccessControlException: The user is not allowed to invoke this method.
	at AccessInvocationHandler.invoke(AccessInvocationHandler.java:20)
	at $Proxy0.sayHello(Unknown Source)
	at Test.main(Test.java:11)
   
   

   
   

   
   
如果把注释的@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
   
   
Exception in thread "main" java.security.AccessControlException: The user is not allowed to invoke this method.
	at AccessInvocationHandler.invoke(AccessInvocationHandler.java:24)
	at $Proxy0.sayHello(Unknown Source)
	at Test.main(Test.java:9)

   
   

通过反射不能取到该注释