原作者地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/wengzilin/p/4250957.html (编程小翁@博客园,邮件zilin_weng@163.com)
在iOS中,图形可分为以下几个层次:
越上层,封装程度越高,动画实现越简洁越简单,但是自由度越低;反之亦然。本文着重介绍Core Animation层的基本动画实现方案。
在iOS中,展示动画可以类比于显示生活中的“拍电影”。拍电影有三大要素:演员+剧本+开拍,概念类比如下:
演员--->CALayer,规定电影的主角是谁 剧本--->CAAnimation,规定电影该怎么演,怎么走,怎么变换 开拍--->AddAnimation,开始执行
一、概念介绍
1.1CALayer是什么呢?
CALayer是个与UIView很类似的概念,同样有layer,sublayer...,同样有backgroundColor、frame等相似的属性,我们可以将UIView看做一种特殊的CALayer,只不过UIView可以响应事件而已。一般来说,layer可以有两种用途,二者不互相冲突:一是对view相关属性的设置,包括圆角、阴影、边框等参数,更详细的参数请点击这里;二是实现对view的动画操控。因此对一个view进行core animation动画,本质上是对该view的.layer进行动画操纵。
1.2CAAnimation是什么呢?
CAAnimation可分为四种:
- 1.CABasicAnimation
- 通过设定起始点,终点,时间,动画会沿着你这设定点进行移动。可以看做特殊的CAKeyFrameAnimation
- 2.CAKeyframeAnimation
- Keyframe顾名思义就是关键点的frame,你可以通过设定CALayer的始点、中间关键点、终点的frame,时间,动画会沿你设定的轨迹进行移动
- 3.CAAnimationGroup
- Group也就是组合的意思,就是把对这个Layer的所有动画都组合起来。PS:一个layer设定了很多动画,他们都会同时执行,如何按顺序执行我到时候再讲。
- 4.CATransition
- 这个就是苹果帮开发者封装好的一些动画
二、动手干活
实践出真知,看个例子就知道:
比如我们想实现一个类似心跳的缩放动画可以这么做,分为演员初始化、设定剧本、电影开拍三个步骤:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
|
- (
void
)initScaleLayer
{
//演员初始化
CALayer *scaleLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
scaleLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor].CGColor;
scaleLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 20 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
scaleLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
[
self
.view.layer addSublayer:scaleLayer];
[scaleLayer release];
//设定剧本
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@
"transform.scale"
];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:1.5];
scaleAnimation.autoreverses =
YES
;
scaleAnimation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
//开演
[scaleLayer addAnimation:scaleAnimation forKey:@
"scaleAnimation"
];
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
- (
void
)viewDidLoad {
[
super
viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
[
self
initScaleLayer];
}
|
效果请参考附图中的绿色方块(我不懂在mac下怎么录制gif图,先借用kk的图)。其他效果可以依葫芦画瓢轻松实现。想要实现不同的效果,最关键的地方在于CABasicAnimation对象的初始化方式中keyPath的设定。在iOS中有以下几种不同的keyPath,代表着不同的效果:
此外,我们还可以利用GroupAnimation实现多种动画的组合,在GroupAnimation中的各个动画类型是同时进行的。
- (
void
)initGroupLayer
{
//演员初始化
CALayer *groupLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
groupLayer.frame = CGRectMake(60, 340+100 + kYOffset, 50, 50);
groupLayer.cornerRadius = 10;
groupLayer.backgroundColor = [[UIColor purpleColor] CGColor];
[
self
.view.layer addSublayer:groupLayer];
[groupLayer release];
//设定剧本
CABasicAnimation *scaleAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@
"transform.scale"
];
scaleAnimation.fromValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:1.0];
scaleAnimation.toValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:1.5];
scaleAnimation.autoreverses =
YES
;
scaleAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
scaleAnimation.duration = 0.8;
CABasicAnimation *moveAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@
"position"
];
moveAnimation.fromValue = [
NSValue
valueWithCGPoint:groupLayer.position];
moveAnimation.toValue = [
NSValue
valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(320 - 80,
groupLayer.position.y)];
moveAnimation.autoreverses =
YES
;
moveAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
moveAnimation.duration = 2;
CABasicAnimation *rotateAnimation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@
"transform.rotation.x"
];
rotateAnimation.fromValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:0.0];
rotateAnimation.toValue = [
NSNumber
numberWithFloat:6.0 * M_PI];
rotateAnimation.autoreverses =
YES
;
rotateAnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
rotateAnimation.duration = 2;
CAAnimationGroup *groupAnnimation = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
groupAnnimation.duration = 2;
groupAnnimation.autoreverses =
YES
;
groupAnnimation.animations = @[moveAnimation, scaleAnimation, rotateAnimation];
groupAnnimation.repeatCount = MAXFLOAT;
//开演
[groupLayer addAnimation:groupAnnimation forKey:@
"groupAnnimation"
];
}
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
- (
void
)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
[self initGroupLayer];
}
|
完整的demo工程点CAAnimationDemo.zip下载
=======================================================
原创文章,转载请注明 编程小翁@博客园,邮件zilin_weng@163.com,欢迎各位与我在C/C++/Objective-C/机器视觉等领域展开交流!
=======================================================