MYSQL入门学习之十八：MYSQLADMIN命令参数详解

        mysqladmin工具主要用来对数据库做一些简单的操作，以及显示服务器状态等。其使用格式如下：
        mysqladmin [option] command [command option] command ......
        在命令行中输入mysqladmin -?，打印出如下帮助信息

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin --help
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.28-rc, for Win32 on ia32
Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license

Administration program for the mysqld daemon.
Usage: mysqladmin [OPTIONS] command command....
  -c, --count=#       Number of iterations to make. This works with -i
                      (--sleep) only.
  --debug-check       Check memory and open file usage at exit .
  --debug-info        Print some debug info at exit.
  -f, --force         Don't ask for confirmation on drop database; with
                      multiple commands, continue even if an error occurs.
  -C, --compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.
  --character-sets-dir=name
                      Directory where character sets are.
  --default-character-set=name
                      Set the default character set.
  -?, --help          Display this help and exit.
  -h, --host=name     Connect to host.
  -b, --no-beep       Turn off beep on error.
  -p, --password[=name]
                      Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                      not given it's asked from the tty.
  -W, --pipe          Use named pipes to connect to server.
  -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
                      /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
  --protocol=name     The protocol of connection (tcp,socket,pipe,memory).
  -r, --relative      Show difference between current and previous values when
                      used with -i. Currently works only with extended-status.
  -O, --set-variable=name
                      Change the value of a variable. Please note that this
                      option is deprecated; you can set variables directly with
                      --variable-name=value.
  --shared-memory-base-name=name
                      Base name of shared memory.
  -s, --silent        Silently exit if one can't connect to server.
  -S, --socket=name   Socket file to use for connection.
  -i, --sleep=#       Execute commands again and again with a sleep between.
  --ssl               Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with
                      other flags). Disable with --skip-ssl.
  --ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
                      --ssl).
  --ssl-capath=name   CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
  --ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).
  --ssl-verify-server-cert
                      Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against
                      hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by
                      default.
  -u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.
  -v, --verbose       Write more information.
  -V, --version       Output version information and exit.
  -E, --vertical      Print output vertically. Is similar to --relative, but
                      prints output vertically.
  -w, --wait[=#]      Wait and retry if connection is down.
  --connect_timeout=#
  --shutdown_timeout=#

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- -----------------------------
count                             0
debug-check                       FALSE
debug-info                        FALSE
force                             FALSE
compress                          FALSE
character-sets-dir                (No default value)
default-character-set             (No default value)
host                              (No default value)
no-beep                           FALSE
port                              0
relative                          FALSE
shared-memory-base-name           (No default value)
socket                            (No default value)
sleep                             0
ssl                               FALSE
ssl-ca                            (No default value)
ssl-capath                        (No default value)
ssl-cert                          (No default value)
ssl-cipher                        (No default value)
ssl-key                           (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert            FALSE
user                              (No default value)
verbose                           FALSE
vertical                          FALSE
connect_timeout                   43200
shutdown_timeout                  3600

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
C:\Windows\my.ini C:\Windows\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf D:\APMServ5.2.6\MySQL5.1\my.ini D:\APMServ5.2.6\MySQL5.1\my.cnf

The following groups are read: mysqladmin client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit
--no-defaults           Don't read default options from any options file
--defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read

Where command is a one or more of: (Commands may be shortened)
  create databasename       Create a new database
  debug                     Instruct server to write debug information to log
  drop databasename         Delete a database and all its tables
  extended-status           Gives an extended status message from the server
  flush-hosts               Flush all cached hosts
  flush-logs                Flush all logs
  flush-status              Clear status variables
  flush-tables              Flush all tables
  flush-threads             Flush the thread cache
  flush-privileges          Reload grant tables (same as reload)
  kill id,id,...            Kill mysql threads
  password new-password     Change old password to new-password, MySQL 4.1 hashing.
  old-password new-password Change old password to new-password in old format.
  ping                      Check if mysqld is alive
  processlist               Show list of active threads in server
  reload                    Reload grant tables
  refresh                   Flush all tables and close and open logfiles
  shutdown                  Take server down
  status                    Gives a short status message from the server
  start-slave               Start slave
  stop-slave                Stop slave
  variables                 Prints variables available
  version                   Get version info from server

        帮助信息主要包括三部分：

        第一部分为mysqladmin命令的相关选项，详细说明如下：

-c, --count=#	Number of iterations to make. This works with -i (--sleep) only.	自动运行次数，必须和 -i 一起使用
--debug-check	Check memory and open file usage at exit .
--debug-info	Print some debug info at exit.
-f, --force	Don't ask for confirmation on drop database; with multiple commands, continue even if an error occurs.	禁用错误，drop 数据库时不提示，执行多条命令时出错继续执行
-C, --compress	Use compression in server/client protocol.	在服务器和客户端之间使用压缩
--character-sets-dir=name	Directory where character sets are.	设置字符集目录
--default-character-set=name	Set the default character set.	设置字符集默认目录
-?, --help	Display this help and exit.	显示帮助信息
-h, --host=name	Connect to host.	主机名
-b, --no-beep	Turn off beep on error.	报错时，不响铃（嘟的一声）
-p, --password[=name]	Password to use when connecting to server. If password is not given it's asked from the tty.	服务器连接密码
-W, --pipe	Use named pipes to connect to server.	使用命名管道连接服务器
-P, --port=#	Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/services, built-in default (3306).	端口号
--protocol=name	The protocol of connection (tcp,socket,pipe,memory).	设置连接使用的协议
-r, --relative	Show difference between current and previous values when used with -i. Currently works only with extended-status.	显示前后变化的值，必须结合- i
-O, --set-variable=name	Change the value of a variable. Please note that this option is deprecated; you can set variables directly with --variable-name=value.	修改变量的值，使用--variable-name=value 的方式修改变量值
--shared-memory-base-name=name	Base name of shared memory.
-s, --silent	Silently exit if one can't connect to server.	如果连接服务器失败则退出
-S, --socket=name	Socket file to use for connection.	指定socket file
-i, --sleep=#	Execute commands again and again with a sleep between.	间隔一段时间执行一次
--ssl	Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with other flags). Disable with --skip-ssl.
--ssl-ca=name	CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
--ssl-capath=name	CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies --ssl).
--ssl-cert=name	X509 cert in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-cipher=name	SSL cipher to use (implies --ssl).
--ssl-key=name	X509 key in PEM format (implies --ssl).
--ssl-verify-server-	cert Verify server's "Common Name" in its cert against hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by default.
-u, --user=name	User for login if not current user.	用户名
-v, --verbose	Write more information.
-V, --version	Output version information and exit.	显示MYSQLADMIN的版本
-E, --vertical	Print output vertically. Is similar to --relative, but prints output vertically.	垂直显示输出
-w, --wait[=#]	Wait and retry if connection is down.	如果连接断开，则等待并重试
--connect_timeout=#	连接超时
--shutdown_timeout=#	超时关闭

        示例：

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -uroot -E -i 3 -c 2 status
Uptime: 1590  Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 15  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 8  Queries per second
avg: 0.3
Uptime: 1593  Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 15  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 8  Queries per second
avg: 0.3

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -V
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.28-rc, for Win32 on ia32

       第二部分为mysqladmin的相关变量。

        第三部分为mysqladmin可以执行的相关服务器命令，详细说明如下：

create databasename	Create a new database	创建一个新数据库
debug	Instruct server to write debug information to log	通知服务器将调试信息写入日志
drop databasename	Delete a database and all its tables	删除一个数据库及其所有表
extended-status	Gives an extended status message from the server	给出服务器的一个扩展状态消息
flush-hosts	Flush all cached hosts	清除所有缓存的主机
flush-logs	Flush all logs	清除所有日志
flush-status	Clear status variables
flush-tables	Flush all tables	清除所有表
flush-threads	Flush the thread cache	清除线程缓存
flush-privileges	Reload grant tables (same as reload)	再次装载授权表(同reload)
kill id,id,...	Kill mysql threads	杀死mysql线程
password new-password	Change old password to new-password, MySQL 4.1 hashing.	将老口令改为新口令
old-password new-password	Change old password to new-password in old format.	修改口令
ping	Check if mysqld is alive	检查mysqld是否在线
processlist	Show list of active threads in server	显示服务其中活跃线程列表
reload	Reload grant tables	重载授权表
refresh	Flush all tables and close and open logfiles	洗掉所有表并关闭和打开日志文件
shutdown	Take server down	关掉服务器
status	Gives a short status message from the server	给出服务器的简短状态消息
start-slave	Start slave	启动slave
stop-slave	Stop slave	关闭slave
variables	Prints variables available	打印出可用变量
version	Get version info from server	得到服务器的版本信息

        示例：

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -uroot version
mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.28-rc, for Win32 on ia32
Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license

Server version          5.1.28-rc-community
Protocol version        10
Connection              localhost via TCP/IP
TCP port                3306
Uptime:                 31 min 3 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 23  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 16  Flush tables: 2  Open tables: 0  Queries per second avg: 0.12

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -u root -p create test_admin
Enter password:

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -u root -p drop test_admin
Enter password:
Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do.
Any data stored in the database will be destroyed.

Do you really want to drop the 'test_admin' database [y/N] y
Database "test_admin" dropped

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -u root flush-status

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -u root processlist
+----+------+----------------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host           | db | Command | Time | State | Info             |
+----+------+----------------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 21 | root | localhost:8925 |    | Query   | 0    |       | show processlist |
+----+------+----------------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+

C:\Users\qxl>mysqladmin -u root status
Uptime: 1947  Threads: 1  Questions: 32  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 18  Flush tables: 2  Open tables: 2  Queries per second
 avg: 0.16

        其中mysqladmin -u root status输出信息中各项的详细说明如下：

        Uptime：MySQL服务器已经运行的秒数
        Threads：活跃线程（客户）的数量
        Questions：从mysqld启动起来自客户查询的数量
        Slow queries：已经超过long_query_time秒的查询数量
        Opens：mysqld已经打开了多少表
        Flush tables：flush ..., refresh和reload命令数量
        Open tables：现在被打开的表数量
        Queries per second avg：查询平均用时