sed

选项

sed -n

不再默认显示所有输出行

zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ cat sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed -e "p;s/2/dog/p" sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This is dog line!
This is dog line!
This is 3 line!
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!
This is 5 line!

如上，在5行文本中不使用 -n 选项，那么会有这样的结果，无需替换的输入行会输出两次，分别为我们的指令‘p’输出一次，以及默认输出，需要注意的是默认输出所输出的行，是经过所有指令处理的结果，即使未被改变。而我们可以看到行数2被输出了3次，分别为‘p’一次，‘s/2/dog/p’一次，以及默认输出，而默认输出输出的就是经过‘s’指令处理的结果。所以当我们开启 -n 选项后，可以预测到会被输出的，只有输入的1-5除了2行各一次，而第二行会输出未改变以及改变后两次

zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed -n -e "p;s/2/dog/p" sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This is dog line!
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

sed -e

上面用过了，对某一行需要进行多个处理指令时用到，指令间用;隔开

指令

a
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '3a\hello\' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This is 3 line!
hello
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

在某一行后加入一行

i
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '3i\hello\' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
hello
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

在某一行前加入一行
插入的内容用\包含

s
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed 's/line/enil/' sed.log
This is 1 enil!
This is 2 enil!
This is 3 enil!
This is 4 enil!
This is 5 enil!

替换某一行内的字符，/a/b/代表用b替换a，其具体指令形式是s/a/b/flag，flag可以是数字，g，p，w
分别代表，替换第n个出现的匹配字符，替换所有，打印该行和将结果写入文件

d
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '2d' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

删除某一行

c
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '2c\hello world\' sed.log
This is 1 line!
hello world
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!

替换行内内容

y
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed 'y/12345/6789c/' sed.log
This is 6 line!
This is 7 line!
This is 8 line!
This is 9 line!
This is c line!

单字符替换，12345对应6789c

注意一下，其中i，a指令我们在指令前显示的指定了行数2，这个可以认为是我们需要进行操作的行数，这个参数对于y，c等指令也是可行的，当你想要只对某一行进行特定的操作时，可以在指令前加上以下：

/string/  一个你想要匹配的字符串，代表我需要对包含这字符串的行进行操作
n    一个数字，代表需要操作的行数
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '2y/12345/6789c/' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 7 line!
This is 3 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!
我们在加上2后，y指令只对第二行产生了作用
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '/3 line/y/12345/6789c/' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This is 8 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!
在我们加上/3 line/后，y指令只对包含了”3 line“这个字符串的第三行产生了作用
其他指令同理
附，多重操作如下：
‘/string/{command;command}’
zct@zct-G7-7588:~/workspace/bash$ sed '/3 line/{y/12345/6789c/;s/is/are/2}' sed.log
This is 1 line!
This is 2 line!
This are 8 line!
This is 4 line!
This is 5 line!