Uri的使用

1.Uri

通用资源标志符（Universal Resource Identifier, 简称"URI"）。

Uri代表要操作的数据，Android上可用的每种资源 - 图像、视频片段等都可以用Uri来表示。

URI一般由三部分组成：

，URI主要分三个部分：scheme, authority and path。其中authority又分为host和port。格式如下：

scheme://host:port/path
举个实际的例子：
content://com.example.project:200/folder/subfolder/etc
---------/ ---------------------------/ —/ --------------------------/
scheme host port path
--------------------------------/
authority

现在大家应该知道data flag中那些属性的含义了吧，看下data flag

但是我们在程序中一般是不直接用URI来标识CP的，是的，正如我们通常见到的用定义的常量来标识。例如standard CP中的Contacts，我们就用Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI来标识Contacts CP中People这个表。那么要标识某个具体的人怎么办呢？ 这就用到了ContentUris.withAppendedId() 和 Uri.withAppendedPath()。例如我们要表示content://contacts/people/20，那么我们就可以用如下语句：
Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 20); 或者
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(People.CONTENT_URI, “20”);

访问资源的命名机制。

存放资源的主机名。

资源自身的名称，由路径表示。

Android的Uri由以下三部分组成： “content://”、数据的路径、标示ID(可选)

举些例子，如：

所有联系人的Uri： content://contacts/people

某个联系人的Uri: content://contacts/people/5

所有图片Uri: content://media/external

某个图片的Uri：content://media/external/images/media/4

我们很经常需要解析Uri，并从Uri中获取数据。

Android系统提供了两个用于操作Uri的工具类，分别为UriMatcher 和ContentUris 。

虽然这两类不是非常重要，但是掌握它们的使用，会便于我们的开发工作。

下面就一起看一下这两个类的作用。

2.UriMatcher

UriMatcher 类主要用于匹配Uri.

使用方法如下。

首先第一步，初始化：

UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
第二步注册需要的Uri:

matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “people”, PEOPLE);
matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “person/#”, PEOPLE_ID);
matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “people”, PEOPLE);
matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “person/#”, PEOPLE_ID);
第三部，与已经注册的Uri进行匹配:

Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://” + “com.yfz.Lesson” + “/people”);
int match = matcher.match(uri);
switch (match)
{
case PEOPLE:
return “vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people”;
case PEOPLE_ID:
return “vnd.android.cursor.item/people”;
default:
return null;
}
Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://” + “com.yfz.Lesson” + “/people”);
int match = matcher.match(uri);
switch (match)
{
case PEOPLE:
return “vnd.Android.cursor.dir/people”;
case PEOPLE_ID:
return “vnd.Android.cursor.item/people”;
default:
return null;
}
match方法匹配后会返回一个匹配码Code，即在使用注册方法addURI时传入的第三个参数。

上述方法会返回"vnd.Android.cursor.dir/person".

总结:

–常量 UriMatcher.NO_MATCH 表示不匹配任何路径的返回码

–# 号为通配符

–* 号为任意字符

另外说一下，官方SDK说明中关于Uri的注册是这样写的：

private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();
static
{
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people”, PEOPLE);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#”, PEOPLE_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/phones”, PEOPLE_PHONES);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/phones/#”, PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/contact_methods”, PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/contact_methods/#”, PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/deleted_people”, DELETED_PEOPLE);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones”, PHONES);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones/filter/", PHONES_FILTER);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones/#”, PHONES_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/contact_methods”, CONTACTMETHODS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/contact_methods/#”, CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, “/calls”, CALLS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, "/calls/filter/”, CALLS_FILTER);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, “/calls/#”, CALLS_ID);
}
private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher();
static
{
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people”, PEOPLE);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#”, PEOPLE_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/phones”, PEOPLE_PHONES);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/phones/#”, PEOPLE_PHONES_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/contact_methods”, PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/people/#/contact_methods/#”, PEOPLE_CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/deleted_people”, DELETED_PEOPLE);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones”, PHONES);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones/filter/", PHONES_FILTER);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/phones/#”, PHONES_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/contact_methods”, CONTACTMETHODS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“contacts”, “/contact_methods/#”, CONTACTMETHODS_ID);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, “/calls”, CALLS);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, "/calls/filter/”, CALLS_FILTER);
sURIMatcher.addURI(“call_log”, “/calls/#”, CALLS_ID);
}
这个说明估计已经是Google官方没有更新，首先是初始化方法，没有传参，那么现在初始化时，实际是必须传参的。 可以看一下Android2.2的源码，无参数的构造方法已经是private的了。

另外就是addURI这个方法，第二个参数开始时不需要"/"， 否则是无法匹配成功的。

3.ContentUris

ContentUris 类用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分

1)为路径加上ID: withAppendedId(uri, id)

比如有这样一个Uri

Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.yfz.Lesson/people”)
Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.yfz.Lesson/people”)
通过withAppendedId方法，为该Uri加上ID

Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
Uri resultUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 10);
最后resultUri为: content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10

2)从路径中获取ID: parseId(uri)

Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10”)
long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.yfz.Lesson/people/10”)
long personid = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
最后personid 为 :10

附上实验的代码：

package com.yfz;
import com.yfz.log.Logger;
import Android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class Lesson_14 extends Activity {

    private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.yfz.Lesson";  
    private static final int PEOPLE = 1;  
    private static final int PEOPLE_ID = 2;  
      
    //NO_MATCH表示不匹配任何路径的返回码  
    private static final UriMatcher sURIMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);  
    static  
    {  
        sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people", PEOPLE);  
          
        //这里的#代表匹配任意数字，另外还可以用*来匹配任意文本  
        sURIMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "people/#", PEOPLE_ID);  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        Logger.d("------ Start Activity !!! ------");  
          
        Uri uri1 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people");  
        Logger.e("Uri:" + uri1);  
        Logger.d("Match 1" + getType(uri1));  
          
        Uri uri2 = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/people" + "/2");  
          
        Logger.e("Uri:" + uri2);  
        Logger.d("Match 2" + getType(uri2));  
          
        //拼接Uri  
        Uri cUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri1, 15);  
        Logger.e("Uri:" + cUri);  
        //获取ID  
        long id = ContentUris.parseId(cUri);  
        Logger.d("Uri ID: " + id);  
    }  
      
    private String getType(Uri uri) {  
        int match = sURIMatcher.match(uri);  
        switch (match)  
        {  
            case PEOPLE:  
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";  
            case PEOPLE_ID:  
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";  
            default:  
                return null;    }        } }