Condition的功能类似在传统线程技术中的Object.wait和Object.notify的功能。在等待Condition时,允许发生“虚假唤醒”,这通常作为对基础平台语义的让步。对于大多数应用程序,这带来的实际影响很小,因为Condition应该总是在一个循环中被等待,并测试正被等待的状态声明。某个实现可以随意移除可能的虚假唤醒,但建议应用程序员总是假定这些虚假唤醒可能发生,因此总是在一个循环中等待。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* 题目:子线程循环10次,接着主线程循环100,接着又回到子线程循环10次,主线程循环100次,
* 如此循环50次
*
*/
publicclass ConditionCommunicate {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
Business business = new Business();
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
publicvoid run() {
for(inti= 0 ; i< 50 ; i++){
business.sub(i);
}
}
}).start();
for(inti= 0 ; i< 50 ; i++){
business.main(i);
}
}
publicvoid init(){
}
/**
* 这个类是内部类,但用static修饰相当于外部类,他的名称是:ConditionCommunicate.Business
*/
staticclass Business{
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
privatebooleanbShouldSub = true;
publicvoid sub(inti){
lock.lock();
try{
while(!bShouldSub){
try {
condition.await();//使用condition替换原来的wait
// this.wait(); //wait和notify必须在synchronized内部使用
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
for(intj = 0 ; j< 10; j++){
System.out.println("sub Thread cycle of "+ j +", loop of "+ i);
}
bShouldSub = false;
condition.signal();//使用condition替换原来的notify
// this.notify();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
publicvoid main(inti){
lock.lock();
try{
//这里while要比if好,会防止伪唤醒。
while(bShouldSub){
try {
// this.wait();
condition.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
for(intj = 0 ; j< 5; j++){
System.out.println("main Thread cycle of "+ j +", loop of "+ i);
}
bShouldSub = true;
// this.notify();
condition.signal();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
用到多个Condition
在java jdk 的Condition中有这样的一个阻塞队列的例子:
假定有一个绑定的缓冲区,它支持
put
和
take
方法。如果试图在空的缓冲区上执行
take
操作,则在某一个项变得可用之前,线程将一直阻塞;如果试图在满的缓冲区上执行
put
操作,则在有空间变得可用之前,线程将一直阻塞。我们喜欢在单独的等待 set 中保存
put
线程和
take
线程,这样就可以在缓冲区中的项或空间变得可用时利用最佳规划,一次只通知一个线程。可以使用两个
Condition
实例来做到这一点。
class BoundedBuffer {
final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();
final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
final Object[] items = new Object[100];
intputptr, takeptr, count;
publicvoid put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await();
items[putptr] = x;
if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
++count;
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public Object take() throws InterruptedException {
lock.lock();
try {
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
Object x = items[takeptr];
if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
--count;
notFull.signal();
returnx;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
三个线程循环走(用到三个Condition):
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* 题目:子线程循环10次,接着主线程循环100,接着又回到子线程循环10次,主线程循环100次,
* 如此循环50次
* 在此题目上改进,有三个线程,老大先走,老大走完老二走,老二走完老三走。这样循环
* 这样就要用到多个Condition条件
* 老大唤醒老二需要condition、老二唤醒老三需要condition、老三唤醒老大需要condition。所以需要
* 三个condition
*/
publicclass ThreeConditionCommunicate {
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
Business business = new Business();
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
publicvoid run() {
for(inti= 0 ; i< 50 ; i++){
business.sub2(i);
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
publicvoid run() {
for(inti= 0 ; i< 50 ; i++){
business.sub3(i);
}
}
}).start();
for(inti= 0 ; i< 50 ; i++){
business.main(i);
}
}
publicvoid init(){
}
/**
* 这个类是内部类,但用static修饰相当于外部类,他的名称是:ConditionCommunicate.Business
*/
staticclass Business{
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
privateintshouldSub = 1;
publicvoid sub2(inti){
lock.lock();
try{
while(shouldSub != 2){
try {
condition2.await();
// this.wait(); //wait和notify必须在synchronized内部使用
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
for(intj = 0 ; j< 10; j++){
System.out.println("sub2 Thread cycle of "+ j +", loop of "+ i);
}
shouldSub = 3;
condition3.signal();
// this.notify();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
publicvoid sub3(inti){
lock.lock();
try{
while(shouldSub != 3){
try {
condition3.await();
// this.wait(); //wait和notify必须在synchronized内部使用
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
for(intj = 0 ; j< 4; j++){
System.out.println("sub3 Thread cycle of "+ j +", loop of "+ i);
}
shouldSub = 1;
condition1.signal();
// this.notify();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
publicvoid main(inti){
lock.lock();
try{
//这里while要比if好,会防止伪唤醒。
while(shouldSub != 1){
try {
// this.wait();
condition1.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
for(intj = 0 ; j< 5; j++){
System.out.println("main Thread cycle of "+ j +", loop of "+ i);
}
shouldSub = 2;
// this.notify();
condition2.signal();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}