使用Python学习selenium测试工具-2：快速入门

           Selenium WebDriver python client可以访问Selenium WebDriver和Selenium standalone server，开发人员：David        Burns,        Adam Goucher, Maik Röder，Jason        Huggins, Luke        Semerau, Miki Tebeka和Eric Allenin。支持python版本2.6, 2.7, 3.2和3.3。

安装：

pip install -U selenium

文档

• • API文档

  • 官方文档

  • Selenium Wiki

需要选择一个合适IDE，要求如下：

• 代码完成和智能提示的图形化代码编辑器

• 函数和类的代码浏览器

• 语法高亮

• 项目管理

• 代码模板

• 单元测试和调试

• 源代码控制支持

推荐：WingIDE，PyCharm，PyDev Eclipse plugin，PyScripter。相关下载地址如下:

• WingIDE

• pycharm

• Eclipse

• PyDev安装教程

• PyDev官网

• PyScripter

实例1：在网站python自动化测试上面寻找webdriver相关的页面，并输出相关的网址：

注意：本实例因为http://automationtesting.vipsinaapp.com及http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com已经因为新浪收费原因关闭匿名用户查询，已经不能执行。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import time

from selenium import webdriver

# create a new Firefox session
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("webdriver")
search_field.submit()



time.sleep(6)
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//a[@class='searchable']")
# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " pages:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.get_attribute('href')

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

selenium.webdriver实现了浏览器驱动类，涉及 Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer,        Safari等浏览器及用于测试远程机器的类RemoteWebDriver。

driver.implicitly_wait(30)表示最多等待页面打开的时间为30秒。

执行结果：

Found 2 pages:
http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog/python_selenium1
http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/blog/appium

实例2打开网址，搜索产品，并列出产品名。实例的网站为：magentocommerce,代码下载地址：learnsewithpython。

注意：上面演示的网址可能需要翻墙

from selenium import webdriver

# create a new Firefox session
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://demo.magentocommerce.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("phones")
search_field.submit()

# get all the anchor elements which have product names displayed
# currently on result page using find_elements_by_xpath method
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//h2[@class='product-name']/a")

# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " products:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.text

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

执行结果：

Found 2 products:
MADISON EARBUDS
MADISON OVEREAR HEADPHONES

跨浏览器支持

IE

selenium下载页面地址。为了在Internet Explorer上面执行，需要下载配置InternetExplorerDriver服务，它是测试脚本和Internet Explorer之间的胶水。

在上述下载页面搜索InternetExplorerDriver，下载32位或者64位版本，并解压到合适的目录。在IE7以上的版本，选择Tools 菜单下面的Internet Options，在弹出窗口选择Security标签，把每个zone的Protected Mode设置为关或者开启的情况都设置为中。另外要特别注意IE的缩放要选择为100%才正确地进行坐标对应。

实例1：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import time

from selenium import webdriver

ie_driver_path = "e:\IEDriverServer.exe"

# create a new Firefox session
driver = webdriver.Ie(ie_driver_path)
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("webdriver")
search_field.submit()



time.sleep(6)
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//a[@class='searchable']")
# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " pages:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.get_attribute('href')

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

实例2：

import os
from selenium import webdriver

# get the path of IEDriverServer
# dir = os.getcwd()
ie_driver_path = "e:\IEDriverServer.exe"

# create a new Internet Explorer session

driver = webdriver.Ie(ie_driver_path)
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://demo.magentocommerce.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("phones")
search_field.submit()

# get all the anchor elements which have product names displayed
# currently on result page using find_elements_by_xpath method
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//h2[@class='product-name']/a")

# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " products:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.text

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

执行结果和火狐的类似。

参考资料：

• InternetExplorerDriver

• DesiredCapabilities  

Chrome

ChromeDriver由Chromium开发，安装方法和IE的类似，但是不需要设置Protected Mode。 实例1：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import time

from selenium import webdriver

# get the path of chromedriver
chrome_driver_path = r"e:\chromedriver.exe"
#remove the .exe extension on linux or mac platform

# create a new Chrome session
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://automationtesting.sinaapp.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("webdriver")
search_field.submit()



time.sleep(6)
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//a[@class='searchable']")
# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " pages:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.get_attribute('href')

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

实例2：

import os
from selenium import webdriver

# get the path of chromedriver
chrome_driver_path = r"e:\chromedriver.exe"
#remove the .exe extension on linux or mac platform

# create a new Chrome session
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_driver_path)
driver.implicitly_wait(30)
driver.maximize_window()

# navigate to the application home page
driver.get("http://demo.magentocommerce.com/")

# get the search textbox
search_field = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
search_field.clear()

# enter search keyword and submit
search_field.send_keys("phones")
search_field.submit()

# get all the anchor elements which have product names displayed
# currently on result page using find_elements_by_xpath method
products = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//h2[@class='product-name']/a")

# get the number of anchor elements found
print "Found " + str(len(products)) + " products:"

# iterate through each anchor element and
# print the text that is name of the product
for product in products:
    print product.text

# close the browser window
driver.quit()

参考资料：

• ChromeDriver

• chromium chromedriver